Brave New World: Utopia Without Shakespeare? Essay -- Brave New World

Brave tonic World  Utopia Without Shakespeare?     The Utopia of the future- something every human seemingly wants, but is it worth it to throw away everything for blessedness and rattling in a world where only a few people can recall a man named Shakespeare? In Aldous Huxleys satirical novel, Brave New World, this cellophaned world, polished and regulated to perfection, is a reality. In this Utopia, people like Bernard Marx, an intelligent and adverse Alpha, the highest class of humans, are conditi mavend to worship the Great Ford, to believe everything the Controllers say, to skylark themselves with sports, feelies and non-utilitarian relationships and, most of all, to take soma, a drug simulating happiness, whenever a problem should arise. No one feels, no one reads or experiences art, no one discovers, no one cries, no one grows old, no one feels pain or fear and absolutely no one is unhappy. Different from regular Alphas, having affable excesses and p hysical shortcomings as a result of his decanting process, Bernard seeks meaning in his perfectly structured civilization. Discontented with the daily routine in Utopia, Bernard attempts to venture out in search of mental and physical freedom. He does so by visiting the primitives in a simple Indian small town outside of his ordered world. There he meets the trigger-happy named John, the natural son of a Beta woman who was forced to live in the Indian village after getting lost several geezerhood before. Natural childbirth is unheard of in Utopian society with its totally structured birth control system. Through Johns experiences and realizations in the Brave New World, the nonsense of the conditioned and controlled humans, living in Utopia, is understood. John ... ... real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin. . . Im claiming the safe to be unhappy. . . Not to recognition the right to grow old and ugly and impotent the right to have syphilis and cancer the rig ht to have too little to eat the right to be lousy the right to live in constant apprehension of what may happen tomorrow the right to catch typhoid the right to be tortured by unspeakable pains of every kind. . . I claim them all (Huxley 288). Certainly, the two existing places in Huxleys Brave New World, Utopia and the Indian village contrast drastically. By representing two totally different societies, an actual and an ideal, they contribute to the central meaning of the work, to show that a perfect society in which happiness prevails is not the answer. Living your own life as an individual, in an imperfect world, is far more rewarding than Utopia.

Pacific Canadian Railroad :: essays research papers fc

Canadian Pacific Railway DevelopmentThis expression was about the Canadian Pacific Railway. For all over carbon years, the railway has practiced a tonnage based shipping exemplification. Trains were to wait in their yards until there were affluent shipments to justify a train journey from angiotensin-converting enzyme point to another. The result of this method was that in truth few trains propeled, and that the trains that did travel were never on a level(p) schedule. This resulted in much inefficiency for the company. Some of the issues were trains were sitting in yards with half full loads for days, yard workers having inconsistent shifts and sometimes sitting around in incase a train might leave that day, and virtually importantly, nodes were uncertain of delivery times for their goods. The efficient movement model resulted in poor customer mirth and a rather large set of excessiveness equipment such as train cars, locomotives, and workers. As a result, the profit o f the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was very low and the company decided it was time for a newfound model.CPR hired MultiModal Applied Systems to help them formulate a solution. This solution was to have the direct goals of more consistent train schedules, and higher customer service. The new approach was based on a small stepladder of models, which built off separately other to form the final product. The first model was the block approach. A block was a group of cars with the same departure point and destination. The model worked to light upon how blocks of cars could be easily combined and separated in yards so that the most blocks possible, were moving at all times towards their final destination. Previously, trains had stopped at more or all yards along their long journey. Now, with the stop model, some yards were bypassed and others were used with varying frequencies to help balance the workload of the yards and to make for more efficient paths for the blocks to travel o n. This model had constraints based on the distance a block would travel compared to its shortest possible path, the busyness of yards, and the maximum length that a train could be. This model was worked on and reworked on a weekly basis, as new shipments were created, and thus each week a block would travel the most efficient path it could without over extending any other set of blocks.Outside or on top of the block model was the train model.Pacific Canadian Railroad essays research papers fc Canadian Pacific Railway DevelopmentThis article was about the Canadian Pacific Railway. For over 100 years, the railway has practiced a tonnage based shipping model. Trains were to wait in their yards until there were enough shipments to justify a train journey from one point to another. The result of this method was that very few trains traveled, and that the trains that did travel were never on a regular schedule. This resulted in much inefficiency for the company. Some of the issues we re trains were sitting in yards with half full loads for days, yard workers having inconsistent shifts and sometimes sitting around in case a train might leave that day, and most importantly, customers were uncertain of delivery times for their goods. The efficient movement model resulted in poor customer satisfaction and a rather large set of excess equipment such as train cars, locomotives, and workers. As a result, the profit of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was very low and the company decided it was time for a new model.CPR hired MultiModal Applied Systems to help them formulate a solution. This solution was to have the guiding goals of more consistent train schedules, and higher customer service. The new approach was based on a small stepladder of models, which built off each other to form the final product. The first model was the block approach. A block was a group of cars with the same departure point and destination. The model worked to find how blocks of cars could b e easily combined and separated in yards so that the most blocks possible, were moving at all times towards their final destination. Previously, trains had stopped at many or all yards along their long journey. Now, with the blocking model, some yards were bypassed and others were used with varying frequencies to help balance the workload of the yards and to make for more efficient paths for the blocks to travel on. This model had constraints based on the distance a block would travel compared to its shortest possible path, the busyness of yards, and the maximum length that a train could be. This model was worked on and reworked on a weekly basis, as new shipments were created, and thus each week a block would travel the most efficient path it could without over extending any other set of blocks.Outside or on top of the block model was the train model.

The Effect of Technology on My Life :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Effect of Technology on My Life   I roll around on my bed, tossing and turning. The blargon from my alarm clock deafens my right ear, and I readily throw an arm over to it and slam on the snooze button. It is 6 oclock in the morning, and already technology has affected my life. I fall to my feet and walk towards the showers. other form of technology is about to take over my life. Well, at least for the next ten to 20 minutes.         The alarm clock, running water, these are only deuce of the millions of examples of technology I will encounter today. I place technology into two, well, three basic categories Informative, which helps us obtain and use information, Communicative, which includes language, signs, and the like, and that help us happen with each other, and Useful, such as electricity and running water. These are the things that make our lives easier and help us get through the day to day. Also, there are those things that we are taught. I believe that learning, such as being racist, is a technology. Okay, so I hold back four categories, all right? Education and Learning is the fourth. I believe this because you are not born a racist, youre your environment and those you are around teach you to be that way. Also, it ties in to other forms of technology. Like, when youre a baby, you cant speak, so you have no way to communicate how you fell. But as you grow older, you learn language that you hear being spoken around you. You slowly pick up on the words and phrases used to express desires and thoughts. This is learning and teaching as technology.   This story is about how my life is affected by technology, and so I got to mentation What better way to explain this than to take you (the reader) on a journey through a typical day in my life? Here we go.         Ive already woken up, and taken my shower, and now I trudge back to my room to get ready for my classes. I turn on my lamp (technology), without which I couldnt put on my make-up.

The Oppressed People of Burma Essay -- Essays Papers

The Oppressed People of BurmaBurma, like many different southeastern Asian nations, is a land of much culture and diversity of ethnic groups. Unfortunately, unlike the heap of other nations, the people of Burma have been stripped of their human rights. Since the soldiery junta had overtaken the Burmese government in 1988, the people of Burma have been among the most oppressed people in the world. The continuation of the governments brutality has caught the vigilance of many outside nations around the world who increasingly have been intervening in Burmas retorts to help its people. As these occurrences are a major issue for the people of Burma, these problems are not restricted to its boundaries. They are also becoming a problem for some of Burmas neighboring countries such as Thailand. With a quick look at current events, it is clear that the oppression of the native people in Burma is still in its most intensive state. But first, an mental institution of Burmas backgr ound will spark interest as to how a culturally rich country could turn into a land full of people in search of their basic human right -- freedom.Burma is considered the land of rice and teak wood, in addition to its being rich in many other natural resources. The official language is Burmese and the major religions include Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. A population of 49.5 million inhabits the land, in a 261,789 square mile area. The ethnic idea consists of the Burmans, the Shans, the Karns, the Mons, the Chins, the Kachins, as well as a significant population of Indians and Chinese who have migrated from their respective homelands. (Comptons Encyclopedia) Three-quarters of the population live in rural areas. In recent decades, Burma has bee... ... Larry. ASEAN under pressure to use its influence. Bangkok Post. 15 May 2003. 21 May 2003. http//www.bangkokpost.com/150503_News/15May2003_news24.htmlMydans, Seth. Officials in Burma deny that dissident was hurt. Internationa l Herald Tribune. 4 June 2003. 4 June 2003. http//www.iht.com/articles/98436.htmlSrivalo, Piyanart. Drugs to top Thai-Burma talks. Asian Tribune. 30 December 2003. 14 May 2003. http//www.asiantribune.com/show_news.php?id=1745Tammachatwichit, Tavorn. The Pipeline. 17 May 2003. http//www.ibiblio.org/freeburma/boycott/oil/pipeline2.htmlThe Nation, Door to shut on refugees. Asian Tribune. 20 December 2002. 14 May 2003. http//www.asiantribune.com/show_news.php?id=1748Theparat, Chatrudee. Thailand to unveil hub aim at summit. Bangkok Post. 5 May 2003. 21 May 2003. http//www.bangkokpost.com/050503_Business/05May2003_biz45.html

Investigation of the Polar Dinosaur Essays -- Exploratory Essays Resea

Investigation of the Polar DinosaurToday we know through the demonstrate of fossils that dinosaur and other large reptiles once lived on every continent on earth. If you were a paleontologist in charge of finding fossils where would you look first? In the search for evidence the icy continent of Antarctica would be perhaps the last continent you would think to search. However, during the last twenty years a remarkable flesh of prehistoric fossils have been found in neighbourhoods close to the South Pole. Beginning in 1960 with an expedition lead by a man named Spitzbergen, fossilized footprints from non-avian dinosaur showed the region once had a drastically different climate. In the years that followed more fossilized remains were collected in costly expeditions, often to remote areas adjoining the north and South Pole. However, each find can present unique information about physiological adaptations various forms of life made to polar analog temperatures during the Mesozo ic era. An article Polar Dinosaurs by Thomas H. Rich in scholarship, published in February of 2002, explores the fossil evidence and presents the following ideas about the environment and the types of creatures who lived and adequate to the seasonal conditions present at these polar latitudes. The ice fields of the North Slope of Alaska we know today are thought to have had temperatures ranging from 13-2 degrees Celsius during the Cretaceous period. This dead reckoning is based on evidence from flowering plants, and leaf fossils found from the late Cretaceous found in the region. So life around the poles existed in a climate similar to that of Portland, Oregon, which has a mean temperature of 12 degrees, and may have gotten as cold as Alberta Canadas average of ... ...uld have probably been out(predicate) for life in the Antarctic where a large seaway eventually developed cutting southeastern Australia from Antarctica. The investigation of polar dinosaurs continues with the excavation of a newfound site in northern Alaska near the Colville River. Paleontologists have discovered a huge, 100 km, slab of rock that spans the last 40 million years of the Mesozoic era. geographic expedition of this site through tunneling is believed to present a more extensive record of polar dinosaurs as they were over the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. (1) Works Cited1) Rich, T.H., P. Vickers-Rich & R.A. Gangloff, February 2002, Polar Dinosaurs. Science 295979-980.2) Mayell, Hillary, Researchers Melt Polar Dinosaur Mysteries, National Geographic, Febuary 2002, http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0225_0225_polardinos.html

Investigation of the Polar Dinosaur Essays -- Exploratory Essays Resea

Investigation of the frozen DinosaurToday we know finished the secernate of fossils that dinosaur and other wide-ranging reptiles once lived on every continent on earth. If you were a paleontologist in charge of finding fossils where would you look first? In the search for evidence the icy continent of Antarctica would be perhaps the last continent you would think to search. However, during the last twenty years a remarkable number of prehistoric fossils possess been found in regions close to the reciprocal ohm Pole. Beginning in 1960 with an expedition lead by a man named Spitzbergen, fossilized footprints from non-avian dinosaur showed the region once had a drastically different climate. In the years that followed more fossilized remains were collected in costly expeditions, often to remote areas near the north and South Pole. However, each find can reach unique information about physiological adaptations various forms of life made to polar latitude temperatures during the Mesozoic era. An bind Polar Dinosaurs by Thomas H. Rich in Science, published in February of 2002, explores the fossil evidence and presents the following ideas about the environment and the types of creatures who lived and adapted to the seasonal conditions present at these polar latitudes. The ice fields of the North Slope of Alaska we know today are thought to have had temperatures ranging from 13-2 degrees Celsius during the Cretaceous period. This hypothesis is based on evidence from flowering plants, and leaf fossils found from the late Cretaceous found in the region. So life around the poles existed in a climate standardized to that of Portland, Oregon, which has a mean temperature of 12 degrees, and may have gotten as cold as Alberta Canadas average of ... ...uld have probably been impossible for life in the Antarctic where a large seaway eventually developed cutting southeastern Australia from Antarctica. The investigation of polar dinosaurs continues with the excavation of a new site in northern Alaska near the Colville River. Paleontologists have discovered a huge, 100 km, slab of rock that spans the last 40 million years of the Mesozoic era. Exploration of this site through tunneling is believed to present a more extensive record of polar dinosaurs as they were over the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. (1) Works Cited1) Rich, T.H., P. Vickers-Rich & R.A. Gangloff, February 2002, Polar Dinosaurs. Science 295979-980.2) Mayell, Hillary, Researchers Melt Polar Dinosaur Mysteries, National Geographic, Febuary 2002, http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0225_0225_polardinos.html

Leadership Styles and Their Effectiveness Essay

Peer EditorFacultyCertification of AuthorshipI certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I recieved in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in this paper.I as well have citedd any sources from which I used data,ideas,or words,either quoted directly or parapharased.I certify that this paper was prepargond by me espcifically for the purpose of this assignment,as directed.Praxis IILeadership Styles and Their potentialityIke HallEDAD-8021Pro-seminar Leading Community PracticeDr.DuhonPraxis Paper Submitted Feburary 24,2008 in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education (ED.D.)Leadership Styles and Their Effectiveness originationThe late Harold Geneen, man behind the success of the International Teleph unmatchable and Telegraph Corp. (ITT), once said Leadership cannot really be taught. It can only be learned. Essentially drawing cards is always tied to the individual who takes on the role. Throughout history, many great leaders emerged. They brought with them either positive or banish influence. They argon considered great leaders because of their undeniable contribution in shaping the events of clipping. But what in their leaders way of life makes them great?There are many definitions of leaders however usually it is defined by the results it produces, both in the situation and the people under it. More commonly leadership is defined as the influence of one over those he leads (Clark 2007). There are many facets to leadership. In fact it is one of the most studied subjects around. Many researches have been conducted to pray it. Many programs have been designed to enhance it. Many individuals seek it. And many scholars have tried to explain it.One of the most common inferences of leadership is that leaders are made not born (Clark 2005). This paper will try to identify what makes a great leader. By studying the contrastive styles of leadership, it aims to present a more than concrete ex planation of the subject. Going through the merits of the contrary styles will essentially broaden understanding. By assessing the different points of leadership, a clearer picture of its influence, particularly in the school setting will be achieved.While leadership remains subjective and relative (Bittel, 1989) this paper will seek to create a more objective view of the subject. It will expose its most important components. It will present a few of its tested formulae. By doing so, it will identify what are essential to becoming an effective leader today.Evidence from LiteratureA great number of books have been written on leadership. Experts have been really lavish in sharing their thoughts about it. In fact, in the last 30 years alone there has been an influx of clevers in the subject. No matter how it is explained, or what terms are used to describe it, the view on leadership remains essentially the same. Even John Maxwell, arguably the most popular expert in leadership summ arizes it as simply the influence of one over others (1998).Not surprising, experts found with them different views on leadership. They also encourage people to ratify to their own brand or style of leading. However while there seems to be a whole lot of choices, leadership style can very well be broken down into three (Goodworth 1988) general classifications. These are Autocratic, Laissez Faire and parliamentary (Vaccio 1988).Autocratic or Authoritarian Leadership is defined as one that dominates (Bittel 1989). Its most common attribute is the all-encompassing rule over team members or followers. Most likely Autocratic Leaders will not adopt they are. However, the reality of it is that it is the easiest and most common style in leadership. It is so common that usually individuals adapt to it more quickly.Even though this style is viewed as nettlesome and often times unproductive as it stirs team members or followers toward passive resistance, it can be highly effective in situ ations requiring urgent action. The superlative dictators of history all possess autocratic leadership characteristics that they maximized to propel them to infamous success. One of the most obvious evidences of this particular style is it takes advantage of the weaknesses of team members or followers in every situation.While the Autocratic Leadership suppresses input of team members or followers, it is entire the opposite in Laissez Faire Leadership. Also named as extra Reign (Goodworth 1988), this particular style places decision-making on the hands of the team members or followers. It is described as having very little involvement from the leader. It gives little direction and motivation. This leadership style is ideal only in groups composed of individuals who are highly motivated with great initiative. Laissez Faire Leaders totally empower their members to achieve goals. It is important that the members are therefore worthy of empowerment.The third style is the Democratic Lea dership. It is also referred to as Participative (Clark 2007). The Democratic Leader consults with team members or followers in decision-making without relinquishing soften over the team. Participation is encouraged, hence the name. Similar to Laissez Faire, Democratic Leadership empowers members as well. The distinct difference between the two is that Democratic Leadership has more leader involvement. Although the team members and followers are given an active role in decision-making, final judgment still remains with the leader.The three general classifications otherwise know as leadership styles are very different from one another. Each has a set of good and bad points that makes them distinct. However no matter how different they are, they all define leadership the same way. Leadership is influence. This is one irrefutable fact of leadership that experts agree on.Critical AnalysisIt was mentioned in previous paragraphs that leadership is relative (Maxwell 1998). Its effectivene ss depends on the individual who takes on the role. Each style of leadership offers up both positive and negative traits. Each is ideal in certain situations. Each has the capacity to achieve success.In a school set-up, leadership is often a combination of the three classifications. This is not an ideal bore however this is probably the most common. In many instances teacher and student have an autocratic relationship. Teacher speaks and students listen. Teachers give instructions and students follow. This practice however is behind becoming old-school.Today, teachers and students have a free exchange of ideas. In fact there are times that teachers allow students to take control of discussions. Particularly in school teams, coaches are often accused of allowing their team to have a free reign during games. The trust level is so high that empowerment is effortless.Democratic style of leadership is one which is commonly desired. An open sharing of views and balanced decision-making are often claimed. In the school setting this style of leadership is perspicuous in organizations. Teachers and students are leveled with each other. The school paper is the best example of this kind of leadership. Although teachers hold the final decisions in publications, students are given the opportunity to bring their point across without fear of being shut-down.School is the best place to exercise leadership. There are so many opportunities to try out different styles, put them together to create a more stable form. Schools encourage leadership. Exposure to the different styles allows students to decipher for themselves which are suitable for certain situations.ConclusionIt has been mentioned time and again that leadership is influence. The school is an ideal place to hone leadership potentials of individuals. In other words, the school provides an opportunity for individuals to acquire skills in influencing others.Leadership style will always be relative to the individual. E ven experts agree to this with their different takes on leadership. However in all the study of leadership one intimacy remains. No one leadership style is generic (Clark 2005) enough to be applicable in all situations and all individuals. There will always be a need to put two or three different styles to make it work.ReferencesBittel, L. (1989). The McGraw-Hill 36-hour management course. US McGraw-Hill.Clark, D. (2005). Leadership styles. Retrieved on February 17, 2008 fromhttp//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadstl.htmlClark, D. (2007). Concepts of leadership. Retrieved on February 18, 2008 fromhttp//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadcon.htmlGoodworth, C. (1988). The secrets of successful leadership and people management. USHeimann Professional PublishingMaxwell, J. (1998). 21 irrefutable laws of leadership. US Thomas Nelson Publishing.Veccio, R. (1988). sea captain behavior. US Dryden Press

B&Q Case Study

Contents Executive Summary3 1. TASK ONE4 1. 1 Introduction4 1. 2 will superpower and practice4 3. 3 B&Q nerve5 3. TASK TWO8 3. 1 Introduction8 3. 2 Time distance9 3. 3 Technological distance10 3. 4 Social distance10 3. 5 Cultural distance11 4. Bibliography13 Executive Summary In a modernized and globalized world, acquaintance creation and synergization of cognition in an nerve is truly crucial.As info and info are readily available, and discipline communication technology (ICT) has highly advanced, organizations such as B&Q bring to understand how association creation basin assist to improve internal and external operatees and also incite foot. In task one, the aim is to differentiate between self-possession of knowledge and practice of knowledge and examine which epistemology B&Q uses byout their supply chain. B&Q uses possession knowledge whereby it go forths all their traffickers with a figure of dispense guidelines which they need to follow through with(pred icate).However, in the typeface of risk and uncertainty in an scotch crisis, B&Q should fool practice of knowledge and enabling people to do differently and better. In task two, the statement by Stoneman (2010) means that trust and power are the chief(prenominal) factors that drive product, process and organisational innovation. For B&Q, due to their power as the distributor, they are able to develop and lay d protest the process and procedures that all their vendors need to dumbfound to. However, in an economic crisis, its regimental practice may ot work as uncertainty disrupts the flow of the procedures. 1. TASK ONE 1. 1 Introduction The studies on knowledge and its characteristics have long been explored and discussed in the business and supply chain world. With the emergent of technology and innovation, the possession and practice of knowledge has become more inborn in this knowledge society (Nonaka, 1994 Bell, 1973 Drucker, 1968 Toffler, 1990). But what is knowledge and ho w does an organization activate and grow knowledge?Knowledge is defined as awareness, consciousness, or familiarity gained by hear or learning (knowledge, n. d) which are the ways people in a social situations would understand and make sense of where they are and what they are doing. When knowledge is conducted and embraced in an organization, it will result to a root of people who develop shared beliefs, behaviours and routines that shape organization capabilities. Experts such as Polanyi (1966), Nonaka (1994) and Cook and Brown (1999) divide knowledge into two categories called tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.Tacit knowledge is associated with the skills or know-how that people developed through their own experience in specific contexts. Whereas explicit knowledge is something that has been codified, written down or spelled out and is communicable across context. 1. 2 Possession and practice From the word possession itself, one butt joint understand that it is to the h ighest degree the knowledge that people have in their mind (Cook and Brown, 1999). Blackler (1995), and Cook and Brown (1999) refer possesion of knowledge as knowledge and practice of knowledge as perspicacious.Knowledge is a mental or cognitive capacity which is hierarchical in nature and comprises of data, information etc. moreover, possession of knowledge is a personal piazza where people render meaning from subjective experiences, perceptions and previous understanding. As human minds are individually unique, hence different people may perceive and intepret the equivalent information or data differently. Meanwhile, practice of knowledge sees knowledge as something that it developed through social interaction such as device work, group assignment or group discussion.When people practice knowledge, they convert tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, frankincense transferring knowledge from one person to an otherwise. This is do through sharing stories, experiences or creati ng norms to a group of people hence enabling the experience of an individual to be related to a wider community. 3. 3 B&Q case B&Q plc works with many vendors such as Kingfisher Asia (KAL) who supply products to B&Q. Hence to manage their vendors and ensure processes and procedures are followed, B&Q come up with engrave of conduct (B&Q Operational Standards for Supply Chains) for all their vendors.The code of conduct is based on the international labour and envirnmental standards set by the International Labour establishment (ILO) Conventions which factories and worksites of all vendors passim the world need to comply to. In summary, vendors need to let B&Q have full visibility of the enitre supply chain and process and obey the code of conduct criteria at all facilities. Any failure to meet the nine Critical Failure Points (CFPs) will result in B&Q not buying or purchasing their products.Through this code of conduct, we can deduce that B&Q covers a possession of knowledge rath er than practice of knowledge. B&Q receives knowledge about labour and environmental guidelines from ILO conventions and uses the basic context to write down or capture in an information technology (IT) agreement which is thusly do available as an organizational resource B&Q Operational Standards for Supply Chains. This is in contrast of having a group discussion with the vendors and seeking their opinions and views on how to do a better running(a) environment for the workers (practice of knowledge).For example, Baer (1987) and Abbott (1988) explained that in hostelry to defend their localization, occupational groups such as doctors would write down or black shock their skills and knowledge which is then used by others as guidelines or instructions to follow. B&Q is following the same concept as they wish to guard their position as a responsible organization or employer where the rights of all workers throughout the world are respected and protected. Thus, this results to a n encoded knowledge (Blackler, 1995) for the vendors as information is transmited through the code of conduct.Unlike an individual or specialist black box, the construction of the code of conduct requires the involvement of a group of people. This method of knowledge creation follows Nonakas SECI framework where it is a spiralling process of interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge (Nonaka,1994 Nonaka & Toyama, 2003). The SECI framework consists of quaternion knowledge conversion processes Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization which can be seen in Figure 1. The breakdown for B&Q case is as follow 1.Socialization The ILO standards which was made known to the B&Q management assist them to create their own knowledge or set of standards which vendors are to adhere. 2. Externalization B&Q management then decides to have their on set of guidelines in accordance to ILO standards and form a group to write down the code of conduct. 3. Combination We beli eved that during the process of writing down the code of conduct, B&Q managerial level will each provide inputs and opinions based on the organizations mission and values on what and how to write down.Once drafted, the Head of Human Resource Department will read it through and request for any necessary adjustments. Once finalized, the Chairman or Head of B&Q will give the approval to codified and disseminate the code of conduct to all the vendors. 4. Internalization Vendors will then read the instructions and ensure all CFPs are met. For any areas which fail to comply, site management of the vendors will then follow the guidelines to make changes and improvements. Figure 1 SECI model of knowledge creation Source Nonaka & Toyama (2003)However, Nonaka SECI framework downplays the difference of interest, power and political dynamics which people and organizations face everyday. Thus, during an economic crisis, B&Q may approach innovation differently due to the uncertainty and adversit y faced in a crisis. According to Tsoukas (1996) and Schauer (1991), even though organizations can make assumptions and obtain knowledge from previous economic crisis where mistakable conditions are seen, the formulate strategy may not work perfectly consort to what the organizations believed as there are still uncertainty.Meaning to say, a strategy used in a crisis five years ago may not generate the same result due to the difference in technology, peoples mindset and other relating conditions. B&Q need to adopt practice of knowledge during a crisis as information may not be readily available since people and other organizations are wary and may not disclose requirement information in order to survive the crisis. With competition between rival organizations getting tougher, B&Q needs to learn, practice and embodied skills and knowledge which increases their chance of natural selection (Barnett & Burgelman, 1996).As mentioned by Hitt et al (2007), a multilevel research approach to encourage employees to have better understanding of the strategy implemented by B&Q management. Hence, B&Q through providing an enabling context, B&Q allow its employees to do things differently and better. For example, when selecting their vendors, B&Q can not just rely on which vendor is able to adhere to its code of conduct. B&Q also need to look into the pricing, capability and other characteristic of the particular vendor.B&Q vendor management team need to have besides dicussion with sales, procurement and operations team to gain their opinions and views on which vendors to select. With the current vendors, B&Q need to adopt open communication and discuss with them on how the crisis is affecting their perfomance and ossification towards the code of conduct. Another example is due to the crisis, a vendor had to lay off several staff and workers due reducing their headcount. Hence in order to meet B&Q rders, the vendors workers may need to work extra hours which is over the local law. Through discussion, B&Q may allow the vendor to carry out the parvenue process until the economy stablize and the vendor is able to employ more workers. 3. TASK TWO 3. 1 Introduction Stoneman (2010) mentioned that product, process and organizational innovation are socially and politically mediated processes. This means that through social relationship and even political standing in an organization product, process and organizational innovation are being conceptualized.Jackson (2001) noted that the real-world issues and situations do not match up to traditional disciplinary boundaries due to the inequality in the capitalistic world. Therefore, trust and power play an essential role in the development of knowledge and innovation. Internally at B&Q, their managers may see themselves as the leave towards process and organizational innovation. For example, a manager has the power to decide on how his department should be run in order to meet the department and organization g oals.And through his relationship and interaction with the staffs, he may perceive a staff as capable if able to follow the process and excel in it. Hence, to gain trust and acknowledgement, employees compete and motivate each other to do better at what they do and also provide suggestions to the manager on improve certain situations or issues. As highlighted by Hardy and Dougherty (1997), depending on the organizations culture and its board of management, resource power and process power can either work against or aligned with innovation.However, without meaning and a direction to support the need for innovation, people will notbe motivated to innovate. For example, the warehousing staffs at B&Q may face difficulties in picking the correct product. Thus, with its power, the warehouse manager can arrange a group discussion with the warehousing team leadership and their IT department to create a new process whereby the product are bar-coded and connected to a system which will prov ide the product information when it is scanned.Externally, when working with their supply chain members such as customers and suppliers, B&Q managers can use either its power or trust to ensure compliance are met by the suppliers and customers continue to purchase from B&Q. For example, the board of management has the authority to continue or discontinue the services of a vendor depending on its compliance and performance. However, during an economic crisis where risk and uncertainty are faced, B&Q managers may react to similar situation or innovation differently.B&Q decisions on innovation, processes and products are affected by four types of distance time, technological, social and cultural. 3. 2 Time distance Due to the changes in time, environment and conditions, certain processes or procedures that B&Q managers created may not be relevant in an economic crisis. Moreover, the decisions B&Q managers made in a previous crisis are also not applicable even though the conditions ar e similar because there is still uncertainty whether the outcome would be the same.The finance department will be more guarded on the expenses and calculate thus mount a more thorough process of other departments to ensure waste are minimized and costs are low. In a study done by Hardy and Dougherty (1997), innovators or managers in an anti-innovation environment would solve their problems through methods and ways which hamper innovation whereas in a pro-innovation environment, innovators are able to make up the organizations resources, processes and meaning to develop an more suitable and effective product.Thus, in relation to the crisis, B&Q managers may tackle a deparment issue by pushing away the problematic function and work its way around it. 3. 3 Technological distance As ICT becomes highly advanced, B&Q need to be selective of the information and tacit knowledge that is available widely. This is because not all tacit knowledge is applicable to B&Qs strategy and that an ov erflow of information will result to overloading and poor decision making. Through market and technology knowledge, innovators are able to examine problems, communicate and collaboratively develop new products for the organization (Dougherty et al, 2000).However, in an economic crisis, technology knowledge that is necessary for innovation may not be readily available or cost effective to the organization. Faced with uncertainty, B&Q board of management may decide to take on a survival mode concept and develop process such as budget control to restrict unnecessary cost and waste. Thus, if an innovator in B&Q requires a certain technology to assist in its development of new product, he need to go through many levels of strict procedures in order to attain approval. 3. 4 Social distanceDuring an economic crisis, organizations face many problems and situations as they try on their hardest to survive and go through the crisis without a major disruption or impact. Due to the uncertainty and risk, managers need to respond quickly and effectively. Even in a crisis, Jackson (2006) noted that managers need to ensure their processes are efficient and effective, staffs are motivated and knowledge is created and enhanced. This is to ensure that the organization is constantly better than their rivals thus live on the crisis.While ICT and innovation should still move on in a crisis being a regimental organization B&Q managers follow routine and have the power to make innovation unlawful through rewarding short-term results, punishing mistakes and even not rendering the support needed for innovation (Hardy & Dougherty, 1997). Not all does this kills innovation in B&Q, the staff would also be less motivate to innovate as they unable to relate a specific project with B&Qs strategy (Van de Ven and Polley, 1992 Hardy and Dougherty, 1997 Dougherty & Heller, 1994).Hence, B&Q board of management need to re-evaluate its organization strategy and procedures if it wishes to maintain in the industry. Jackson (2006) suggest organizations to adopt creative holism which is a set of guidelines that are multi-paradigm, multi-methodology and multi-method in nature. Through holism, organizatons look at the situation at a macro and organizational level, thus assuring that the departments are connected and performing together as a whole.Dougherty et al (2000) explained that since organizational knowledge and learning involves many different processes, a central point or objevtive is essential to ensure one is taking the right path. Pelz and Andrews (1966) recognized that the efforts to combine and link market and technology knowledge across and throughout the organization is often met and filled with tensions. Thus, B&Q need to incorporate these two factor and be less rigid if it wishes to produce and gain new ideas, products and processes (Weick and Westley, 1996). 3. 5 Cultural distanceKingfisher plc, the parent company of B&Q, is a United Kingdom (UK) based retailer that offers do-it-yourself (DIY), home decorations and home improvement products to their 6 billion customers (Kingfisher, 2012). To meet their international market and demand, Kingfisher plc has overseas sourcing offices in India and Poland that act as a supplier to B&Q. To ensure these strategies and structure is maintain in other country, Kingfisher plc has to train its overseas employees, make them understand and cultivate the Kingfisher plc working culture.However, this will be a tough challenge for example, in India due to the poor study and different socio-culture. Thus, Kingfisher plc needs to accommodate its Western working culture with India working culture, but without losing its main mission and strategy. To ensure this is executed properly, Kingfisher plc needs to obtain a specialist in the Indian market and culture. An economic crisis affects countries differently, depending on where the crisis originates.However, due to globalization, a crisis in the European Union (EU) nations will have a sing effect, thus affecting neighbouring countries and countries that depend on the EU economy and market. Likewise, if an economic crisis hits India where one of B&Q suppliers is located at, B&Q need to gather information and data from news reports and the India suppliers representative, and analyse the data before making a decision on how to overcome the crisis and what B&Q should do to ensure that the crisis in India do not disrupt the entire supply chain.To ensure accurate and timely information and knowledge is recevied, Swan and Scarbrough (2005) suggest organizations to adopt a networked innovation process where the innovation procedures is collaborated in the network arrangements within and between organizations (Alter & Hage, 1993 Owen-Smith & Powell, 2004 Powell et al, 1996). B&Q needs to view networks as a means of communication where knowledge and information are disseminated (Swan & Scarbrough, 2005) and thus, adopting a open sharing concept w here individuals and groups are allow to interact and exchange knowledge and information. 4. Bibliography Abbott, A. 1988). The system of professions An essay on the division of skilled labour. Chicago University of Chicago Press. Alter, C. , & Hage, J. (1993). presidential terms working together. Newbury Park, CA Sage. Baer, W. (1987). Expertise and professional standards. Work and Occupations, 13, 532-522. Barnett, W. P. , & Burgelman, R. A. (1996). Evolutionary Perspectives on Strategy. Strategic management journal, 17, 5-19. Bell, D. (1973). The Coming of Post-industrial Society A accident Social Forecasting. New York Basic Books. Blackler, F. (1995). Knowledge, knowledge work and organizations An overview and interpretation.Organization studies, 16(6), 1021-1046. Cook, S. D. , & Brown, J. S. (1999). Bridging Epistemologies The Generative Dance Between Organizational Knowledge and Organizational Knowing. Organization intelligence, 10(4), 381-400. Dougherty, D. , & Heller, T. (1994). The illegitimacy of successful new products in large firms. Organization Science, 5, 200-218. Dougherty, D. , Borrelli, L. , Munir, K. , & OSullivan, A. (2000). Systems of organizational sensemaking for sustained product innovation. daybook of engineering and technology management, 17, 321-355. Drucker, P. (1968). The Age of Discontinuity Guidelines to Our Changing Society.New York Harper & Row. Hardy, C. , & Dougherty, D. (1997). Powering Product Innovation. European Management ournal, 15(1), 16-27. Hitt, M. A. , Beamish, P. W. , Jackson, S. E. , & Mathieu, J. E. (2007). Building Theoretical and Empirical Bridges Across Levels Multilevel Research in Management. Academy of Management Journal, 50(6), 1385-1399. Jackson, M. C. (2001). Critical systems thinking and practice. European Journal of Operational Research, 128, 233-244. Jackson, M. C. (2006). Creative Holism A Critical Systems Approach to Complex Problem Situations. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 23, 647-6 57.Kingfisher. (2012). About us. Retrieved from Kingfisher plc web site http//www. kingfisher. com/index. asp? pageid=176 knowledge. (n. d). collins English Dictionary Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Harper Collins Publishers. Retrieved November 25, 2012, from Dictionary. com http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/knowledge Nonaka, I. (1994, February). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37. Nonaka, I. , & Toyama, R. (2003). The knowledge-creating theory revisited knowledge creation as a synthesizing process. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 1, 2-10.Owen-Smith, J. , & Powell, W. W. (2004). Knowledge networks as channels and conduits The effects of spillovers in the Boston ergonomics community. Organization Science, 15(1), 5-22. Pelz, D. , & Andrews, F. (1966). Scientists in Organizations. New York Wiley. plc, K. (2012). About us. Retrieved from Kingfisher plc web site http//www. kingfisher. com/index. asp? pageid=176 P olanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. London Routledge & Kegan Paul. Powell, W. , Koput, K. , & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation Networks of learning in biotechnology.Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 116-145. Schauer, F. (1991). Playing by the rules. Oxford Clarendon Press. Swan, J. , & Scarbrough, H. (2005). The politics of networked innovation. Human Relations, 58(7), 913943. Toffler, A. (1990). Powershift Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the Edge of 2lst Century. New York Bantam Books. Tsoukas, H. (1996). The firm as a distributed knowledge system A constructionist approach. Strategic management journal, 17, 11-25. Van de Ven, A. , & Polley, D. (1992). Learning while innovating. Organization Science, 3, 92-116. Weick, K. ,

Resuming Internationalization at Starbucks Essay

Starbucks is the premier roaster, foodstuffer and retailer of specialty cocoa in the world. The archetypical Starbucks store was opened in Seattle in 1971. The current CEO, Howard Schultz, joined the family in 1982 and decided bringing the Italian coffee-drinking culture to the United States. In 1992, the company went public. In 1996, with the home market becoming increasingly saturated, Starbucks opened the first outlet in the Far East. Ever since, the company has pursued a relentless international expansion. By 2012, Starbucks had achieved a world(a) reach of 18,066 stores in 62 countries.With revenues grew on average 30 per cent per year, Starbucks experienced substantial growth from $160 million in 1993 to $10 billion in 2009. In 2007, Starbucks had a presence in 56 countries through approximately 17,000 stores. However, Starbucks relentless march had been slowed by increasingly intense argument and rising coffee bean values between 2007 and 2009. After 2007, demand for Sta rbucks products was badly hit by the global economic recession. At the end of fiscal 2009, or so all of the approximately 800 US Company-operated stores, 61 stores in Australia and 41 Company-operated stores in other International markets had been closed. Approximately 70 per cent of the stores that were closed had been open for less than 3 years. In the third quarter of 2009, The company achieved the first profit since the first quarter of 2008 by the self-save full stop. Finally, CEO Schultz made Starbucks backed to the growth trend. hardly as the criticism the company had received on a number of fronts, he needed to decide again how to approach international markets.Industry epitomeThe 5 forces approach is used in this part and the aim of this analysis is determining the attractiveness of the manufacture and apprehension factors driving past, current and forecast industry profitability.Barriers to Entry A cup of coffee could be served from many kinds of sources, such as self-governing operated coffee shops, quick-service restaurant, specialty coffee shops, and international retailers. Considering different types of independent operated coffee shops, the barriers of this industry is not that senior high. However, being one of recognized and respected band in this industry needs standard quality and high take aim of enceinte to support. In this case,the barriers to entry are medium.Bargaining Power of Suppliers The coffee beans are mainly plant in Latin America, East Africa and South Asia. Exporters nab coffee beans which are already roasted from farmers and trade with retailers all over the world. Although there are plenty of suppliers in the industry, with the increasing consumption globally and the lessen production in the large coffee producing countries, the average wholesale price for coffee had increased twofold between 2001 and 2010. The suppliers still keep strong power on bargaining.Bargaining Power of Buyers The customer have lots of picks even though there will be a variety of request on flavor for different people. They also have low switching live because of many competitors and brands in the market. Product differences are small and price sensitivity is high. enti imprecate of these reasons give consumers strong bargaining power.Threat of Substitutes There are a number of substitutes in the market to buyers. Juice, Tea and other beverages could be another choice for people. There are also many kinds of coffee related products recognized by different making process. In any(prenominal) regions which coffee drinking is not the main habit in daily carriage. For example in China, Tea obtains considerate market shares in beverage market.Competitive Rivalry Coffee industry possesses intense competition. The differentiation of products between different entities is low and easy to replicate. Worldwide demand of coffee is growing. More than 500 billion cups of coffee were being consumed yearly. Meanwhile, hun dreds of hold up competitors led to low switching cost of customers.Starbucks roast 4 hundred million pounds coffee annually. It has high quality requirement on coffee beans. In that case, the company cultivates the stable relationship with its own suppliers. So Starbucks has high cost on switching suppliers. However , Starbucks highlights and chases the experience that their customers can obtain in coffee bar. The company positions itself as the third place besides workplace and home. This high level of experience and also good quality coffee raise the switching cost of customers and reduce the power of bargaining.SWOT AnalysisStrengthStarbucks stands one of the most recognized and respected brands in the world. It has the largest chain stores, which is operating approximately 18,000 stores in 62 countries. Besides high coffees quality, the strongest advantage of the company is the experience it delivers to the customers. Starbucks is not just passionate purveyors of coffee, but everything else that goes with a full and rewarding coffeehouse experience. The company also provides well up offers to employees compared with other competitors in the industry.WeaknessesStarbucks has high price in the market based on its quality and so-called experience. The main was the high cost of the products. It contains the rent of the stores where located in very popular districts. The company offers good paid to their employees. And also, it is influenced by the coffee beans price. Starbucks main target consumers are well educated white collars. So it is influenced by the cycle of scrimping to some extent.OpportunitiesAbout 79% of the revenue comes from the company-operated stores, which means Starbucks has low levels of diversification. The company need to spring up much kinds of products to meet different demand. There are great opportunities in local anesthetic market, the company could focus on the expansion to emerging economies. The smart prognosticate and movi ng technology is developing really fast. From online promotion to offline sails, sweet form of sail brings the company more than opportunities.ThreatsLocal competitors could be the direct threat to Starbucks on internationalization. The model and the style is easy to be replicated by new entrants. High cost is the weakness of Starbucks and also brings threats compared with other competitors. The saturated demand in some market needs to be considered carefully in future strategy.SWOT Analysis of StarbucksStrength-Good reputation-Largest chain stores-Quality and experience-Well employees treatmentWeaknesses-High price-High cost-Influenced by economyOpportunities-Diversification-Expansion on emerging-Online to Offline model-Chain stores could promote the diversification-New technology such as App would be used widely-Good financial statement provide capital on emerging-Reduce the influence by diversification and emerging-New model could enhance sails and also get lower on the price T hreats-Competitors in local market-Be replicated-Rising price of the cost-Saturated market-Good reputation has strong competitive power in new market-Hard to be replicated-Reliable loyalty of customers-High cost could bring the competitors more opportunities-Close stores after crisis in saturated marketInternationalizationCompany-operated versus licensed storesStarbucks set the mix form of company-operated and licensed stores in a given market. About more than 70% revenue is generated from company-operated stores. See the below chart.Actually, Starbucks could be considered has both forms of chain and franchise stores. The chain stores consist its main profit annually. Compared with Mcdonalds, the very success in franchise model worldwide, Starbucks has its own advantages on internationalization. The company has the absolute dominate right to decide every aspects of a new store. It contains the decoration style, location picking, provision new employees and so on. This form could fu lly maintain the value and culture of a company. To Starbucks, the experience of the customers and the spirit are the target andthe core value of their products. Its bursting charge is to inspire and nurture the human spirit. Company-operated store is the right way which could assure that the value will be delivered completely. After repurchased the shares of some stores in some first level cities in the world, Starbucks shown its insist in the quality on the expansion avenue.However, this form costs more higher than franchise. Starbucks need to decide main issues such as the stores design respectively. The most important is, without local partner, the company will hardly know and understand the real demand and thus provide the suitable service. These real problems could not be ignored on internationalization. Local CompetitionAfter entering the new market, what is waiting for Starbucks is the intense local competition. Starbucks has to face new problems and balance the profits a nd its belief in coffee.PriceThe Price Discrimination in different countries was questioned by media. Starbucks was doubted on the reasonability of price. High price compared to the other coffee retailers let Starbucks to be luxury products in some developing countries. High cost is the main reason of the price. Sails to some extent rely on the growth of economy. This brings more chances to local competitors.Local DemandCoffee is not the irreplaceable drink in peoples daily life in some countries although the consumption of coffee is increasing annually. This situation requires Starbucks obtain brilliant ability on innovation and diversification on products. Providing tea products and acquiring tea producers company is the necessary strategy in featured markets.CompetitorsStarbucks needs to compete with local competitors and international retailers after entering the new market. For example, Mcdonalds possesses stable relationship with local partners based on its stores and also has long time experience than the others. The wide spread network and well understanding to the local market provide McCafe a perfect stage. The local competitors also have obvious advantages on cost and distribution.ConclusionAfter experienced the stores closure issue, Starbucks was doubted and received criticism for going and expanding too fast. Actually, Starbucks did not stop its pace on internationalization. According to the numbers provided by the company in 2009, there are about 800 US. company-operated stores were closed out of 1000 planned closure globally. The measurement of Starbucks could be considered as an adjustment which emphasized on the demand saturated market. Its global expansion is still going on especially in the developing market which obtains tremendous potential demand such as China. However, on the road of expansion worldwide, Starbucks still has variety of problem which need to deal with. No matter how its strategy is adjusted, Starbucks should maintain its q uality and experience to their customers. Their belief on coffee is the only sustainable way to the future.ReferenceResuming Internationalization at Starbucks Richard Ivy School of Business, The University of Western OntarioStarbucks Annual Reports of 2012

How Does Music Effect Human Emotions?

Music is any sound that is artistically created and presented. It is said that we need food so that our body may survive, but we need pleasure that so that our mind may survive. And no one gives you more pleasure and ataraxis than music. When we listen to music, not only hear it, we establish a spiritual connection with any one who is a part of creation of music. All the time we hear any piece of music we feel that its creators are a part of us. It is one the most powerful medium that quite effortlessly is equal to(p) to influence our emotions. Interpretation of music Those who listen to music can interpret a piece of music in different ways.Even it is a selfsame(prenominal) piece of music, it will convey different message, a different sentiment and it is totally dependant upon the message that its creator wants to convey. A glimpse of the past It is a well known fact that right from time historical immemorial, people have been using music to increase the glory of war. Music has been used to strike people to fight for their freedom and win wars as well. Almost every country has their own music/ anthem for their country and army. Music has its own merits ingest any doctor, consult any health expert, you will be told, music helps to increase concentration, memory.It is an essential aspect of curriculum in the schools. Practicing music helps to increase maven power. It increases their IQ level, reasoning and logical skills. So the next time someone says that they used to take some piano lessons and found it easier to concentrate in their studies, boldness me, they are speaking the truth. A knowledge base named music Knowledge of music brings in a lot of awareness about people ,cultures , recital and even societies. For example, if you want to learn Asian music, it will be impossible to do so without understanding the concerned culture.

Looking for Alibrandi Short Story

A Letter of Hope. As John sat in the bustling coffee tree shop and gazed at the blank paper in front of him, beads of sweat broke across his forehead and trickled slowly vote out his face. How was he meant to preserve bring down what he was feeling when he couldnt explain it? He knew his emotions were in there somewhere but he just couldnt overstep them. They were locked tight, stuffed somewhere deep down. He was comfortably numb and that was something that terrified him. It was as if the numbness was pulling him into a black hole. He was trapped, unable to get out. His thoughts were jumble and out of sync. He couldnt tell if what he was feeling was real.Was he capable of feeling emotions anymore? It was as if John was a ghost. Doing what he had to do to get through the day. Doing what he could to make his take proud. That wasnt living in his opinion. It was merely existing. His hands started to tremble. Looking up at Josie he study her. She had a look of pure concentration o n her face as she wrote everything down. He couldnt help but envy her. Sure her life wasnt perfect but it was a hell of a lot better than his. She could choose her own career without being screamed at for hours on end. She could get iodine bad grade without being told she was a failure.She didnt have to be perfect, and she was beginning to slowly understand that. That was something John would kill for. Even his best wasnt ample. John had tried his best to please his stimulate he studied ambitiouser than any oneness else he knew. Hed sacrificed so much to try and make his father proud, but nothing was ever good enough. John closed his eyes and leaned his head back thinking of all the times he was put down by his father. Pain welled up from deep inside him. He thought of the times he was told he was hated or not good enough just because hed been beaten in a math competition.He thought of the times he had come home to his father opening his postal service then calling him worthles s when the results werent up to his standard. The times his father wouldnt speak to him because he hadnt got the perfect mark. Maybe his father not talking to him would have been a relief if it lasted more than an hour. John was starting to get more and more shopworn every day. Tired of the unremitting pressure, tired of not meeting expectations and of not being able to live his life the way he wanted. But most of all he was tired of the constant nagging voice in his head. The voice that wouldnt leave him alone.The voice that was the cause of so many nightmares. If John could be who his father wanted him to be then he would. But he just wasnt capable of that anymore. He was sure of it there was no way that he could reach his fathers larger than life expectations. It just wasnt possible. His father always wanted that little bit more. He finally decided that it was time to dowery how he was feeling with someone else and that person would be Josie. He bounced his legs absentmindedly , took a deep breath and with his heart pounding in his chest he started to pull through down the words that had plagued his mind for the last few months.He wrote the words he hadnt had the courage to say to himself. Can you see what I see? No I dont think you can I see images of nothing and I attempt to make that nothingness mean something as hard as I try there is still nothing and that nothing is meaningless I am somewhere else now, away(p) I am contact by people and the blueness of the sky but still nothing has changed everything remains the same I am still alone. As John sinless writing he let out a breath. He raked his hands through his hair nervously. He thought it over one last time. Was he really ready to bare his soul to Josie?Taking another deep breath to help calm his nerves, John folded the letter and sealed it with some gummy tape. With his hands trembling he handed over his most private thoughts to Josie. After they had exchanged letters they said their goodbyes and went their separate ways. Once John got outside he looked up to the hazy sky and let out a shaky laugh full of relief. Maybe just maybe Josie would be the one to save him before it was too late. He hoped that she would open the letter before graduation and help him put back together the shattered pieces of his life. Because deep down that broken boy wanted to live more than anything in the world.

Why christains believe god is present in our lives.

Catholics believe that beau ideal Is present In our lives through rituals. Catholics believe that doing the sign of the cross is a substantial way to start a conversation with God by putting yourself In the presence of God. Also by attending mass It Is declaring that they belong to God and want to obey him and when Catholics go to receive shift Catholics atomic number 18 accepting the suffering that Christ has d one(a) for us. Catholics also believe that God is present in our lives through ethical motive.Catholic ethics watch over from the 10 commandments, it is grand that we know the everlasting laws f God and what they mean such as thou shall not steal means that we shouldnt steal because it is awless and we should respect others property as we wool like done to us. Another moral is thou shall not revile because humans are a mental institution of God and if we harm others or ourselves we are destroying Gods creation and thou shall not bear false witness means to not lie abo ut one self of anyone else.All of these ethics come under respect one self and one another. Why Catholics think It Is Important Is that acting morally with the Infinite laws of God, which are so animate to most people that even those who do not know anything of God follow In the path of morality. Catholic believe powerfully that God Is present in our lives though practice of individual experience such as baptism. Baptism is significant to the catholic community and faith because to that person getting baptized it represents the start of that person and Gods relationship.This individual experience is very similar to word form, it is similar because conformation In the Catholic Church represents growing up and creating a stronger bond between the person and God. Another individual experience is reconciliation in the Catholic Church, reconciliation is significant in the Catholic Church because precisely God can forgive and cleanse sins away and allowing God to guide that individua l through very tough times with making that bond with deity and that individual stronger.Catholics believe that God Is present In our lives through rituals. Catholics believe that doing the sign of the cross Is a gallants way to start a conversation with God by putting yourself In the presence of God. Also by attending mass It Is declaring that they belong to God and want to obey him and when Catholics go to receive transubstantiation Catholics are accepting the suffering that Christ has done for us. Catholics also believe that God is present in our lives through ethics.Catholic ethics come from the 10 commandments, it is important that we know the everlasting laws of God and what they mean such as thou shall not steal means that we shouldnt steal because it is disrespectful and we should respect others property as we wool like done to us. Another moral is thou hall not harm because humans are a creation of God and if we harm others or ourselves we are destroying Gods creation and t hou shall not bear false witness means to not Ill about one self of anyone else.All of these ethics come under respect one self and one another. Why Catholics think It Is Important Is that acting morally with the Infinite laws of God, which are so Inspiring to most people that even those who do not know anything of God follow in the path of morality. Catholic believe such as baptism. Baptism is significant to the catholic community and faith because o that person getting baptized it represents the start of that person and Gods relationship.This individual experience is very similar to conformation, it is similar because conformation in the Catholic Church represents growing up and creating a stronger bond between the person and God. Another individual experience is reconciliation in the Catholic Church, reconciliation is significant in the Catholic Church because only God can forgive and cleanse sins away and allowing God to guide that individual through very tough times with making that bond with god and that individual stronger.

Analysis of a news story Essay

The article that I am analysing shows how a report presents a drool. The article I am studying is intimately The War on Terror the article, being about a man named Kerim bigmouthed, whom was caught, whilst under a routine security check, with a gun in his weaken bag was published in The Sun paper. Kerim Chatty is believed to have been planning on hi-jacking the flight air-born from Sweden to England, Stanstead. The Sun paper is a tabloid, which is more suited to peck who enjoy reading dramatic and over-exaggerated stories. The Sun is aimed at people who prefer easier reading. By this I mean that the papers stories are short, too the point and simple. The newspaper has sensational stories, which attract readers between the age group of 16-30. The tabloid uses interesting pictures and eye catching headlines. Also by using emotive language, it grabs the readers attention. The headline consists of the prenomen War on Terror, as the reader I was attracted to this article immediate ly as I wanted to see what it is about.The sub-heading reads, Face of Jet Hi-jack Thug this is where the story begins. A good publisher knows that you should never tell your audience what the piece of writing is about, in the headings because if you do therefore they may not want to expand reading your story. The first sub-heading is used to briefly tell the reader of what is going on. The following sub-heading leads you onto more information, but still doesnt give the story up. reddened Crook Obsessed by Weapons. By using emotive language much(prenominal) as crook, obsessed and kindling, the readers build a self image of Kerim Chatty as being even more of a criminal and horrid man, this is what the tabloid paper wants you to do. The first section of the article is based on the hi-jacker and what he had done and in the main picture it shows the scene of the crime. The picture has a lot going on it you can see the hi-jacker with his weapon, walking towards the armed law who ap pear ready for any sudden action from the hi-jacker.Also in the background of the picture you can see the hi-jacked plane, from a leading company Ryannair. in that respect is a smaller caption below with a clear face of Chatty this is put there so the readers can see who the hi-jacker is. Analysing the Picture If I saw the picture of the man without knowing he had committed an offence, I wouldnt look at him as though he was a thug or crook instead Id see him as being a perfectly normal guy, who could of maybe been in the paper having been involved in a racist attack.. Below the picture of Chatty is a caption stating Gangster.Kerim Chatty Once you see this you start to imagine an evil side to him and then turn against him. Emotive Language & Formal Language The paper immediately wants the reader to turn against Kerim, even before they manage to read the whole article, so emotive language is used to slip in words such as Crook, Thug, Violent, Obsessed and Gangster to enhance the stor ies features. The Sun uses informal language such as Cops and Common Nuts The more informal the English is the easier the article is to read and understand.Simple Reading is what I believe The Sun is known rise up for. Summary The presentation of the story is smart and The Sun did very well to express and explain the story. It has done well on telling the story, using typical tabloid tools. I dont think Kerim Chatty, would really appreciate how The Sun have spoke about him and no doubt some of it may not be true. The Sun is a good tabloid newspaper but the stories are exaggerated in a big way, although the exaggeration does ask excitement to the story, Kerim probably wouldnt enjoy reading it.

Face-to-Face versus Online Socialization Essay

Imagine how much human accessible fundamental interaction has been affected since the introduction of online colloquy. It has redefined the concept of acculturation. socialisation is being with and a part of otherwise people. It is enjoying and communion others company, confiding in them, and working together towards common goals. There be two kinds of socialization regularitys. The first is face to face socialization, which includes going to church, joining a club, or hanging out with friends. The countenance method of socialization is online conversation.This includes chatting on line, textual matter messaging, communicating with e-mail, playing online games, or other virtual communications. Socialization banishes feelings of loneliness and promotes the sense of safety, belonging, and enjoyment that helps people to feel secure. Although face to face socialization and online socialization atomic number 18 competing to fulfill these goals, thither are noticeable differ ences between them in the amount of real world work by they deliver, in how they are implemented in the teaching and learning process, in the level of threat they overreach to teenagers, and on their size of geographical area coverage on socializing.Face-to-face socialization provides deeper personal friendship to the real world than online socialization. In their entire life, people go done incompatible types of face-to-face interaction with their families, friends, and other people around them. As they engage themselves in the community they live in, they communicate through their speeches, luggage compartment languages, and facial expressions. The lesson they take from these interactions gives them the necessary knowledge to grow from childhood to adolescence and adulthood.For example, when a child makes mistakes, he comes to know what he does is wrong through the responses others give to his mistake. These responses are not limited to speech. They include body languages, facial expressions, and actions. He learns not only what is wrong but also how to correct them by find the corrections others make to his mistakes. This makes the learning process fast and easy. The repetition of this learning process helps him in short-lived through the stages of human development to be a matured adult.On the other hand, online socialization depends on the virtual world, which defends what exists in the real world in a digital format. However, it is not executable to represent every aspect of societys activity digitally. Societys activities are full of feelings, emotions, and actions that are difficult to be denotative in speech or writing. The digital world is restricted to enter information on a media. This makes it difficult for online socialization to provide all the social interactions that exist in the real world.For example, the feelings one gets while sitting with a lover cannot be totally substituted by text messaging or online chatting. These techn ologies transmit the written letters but not the feelings and emotions, which are easily expressed in the body languages and facial expressions. As a result, the transmitted message is not complete. In addition, online socialization has a negative effect on childrens maturity. Many children use inappropriate words in their online communication because no one is there to correct them.Hence, children who are entirely dependent on online communication some sentences behave out of the socially accepted norms and lack the necessary knowledge to pass through the natural process of maturity. It is also important to see how these two types of socialization are implemented in the teaching and learning process. Online classes and face-to-face classes are created for different reasons and administered differently. In face-to-face classes, teachers and students meet in a physical class room at scheduled time.This creates favorable conditions for transferring ideas. Instructors give lectures. St udents comment or take in questions, interact with others in verbal discussion at any time in the class. Instructors provide feedback vocally, with body language or writing. By contrast, in online learning students have varied personal schedules and dont necessarily need to be online at the same time with their instructors. In a typical online class, the instructor provides the necessary instructions in written and students follow the instructions to do what is anticipate from them.Writing is the pristine form of communication in online classes. If students need explanations, they need to write their questions and wait for hours or even long time to get a reply. If the reply is not clear, they need to go through the process again. For this reason, online students are expected to refer to more(prenominal) books and do most of the learning part independently. This is what makes face-to-face classes more favorable than online classes in most cases. Online classes, however, are mor e at rest for adult working students who do not have the time to attend face-to-face classes.In addition, online classes are also good wefts for students with physical disabilities and for those students who are not comfortable with the face-to-face interactions for different reasons. The other major point for consideration in socialization is the threat associated with it on teenagers. In recent years, the effect of online predators on teenagers has become a serious issue for many parents. It generates unwished situations in to the teenagers life that whitethorn have long lasting impact.Teenagers are more indefensible because they are highly motivated to participate in online communities and are not mature tolerable to protect themselves. Online socialization is seen as a source of this threat because it gives access to the predators to gain the trust of vulnerable teenagers. In addition, controlling their childrens online communication is not an easy task for many parents sinc e they communicate from their bedrooms at any time of the day. In contrast, face-to-face socialization doesnt have much associated threat to teenagers because it is glaring and more restricted to small geographical area by its nature.Hence, it is possible for parents to control their childrens communication easily. In general, in face-to-face socialization, parents can get to know their childrens friends, and how they spend their time together. The other main point for comparison is the geographical area coverage on socializing. It is possible to say that there is almost no geographical area limitation for online socialization. It goes across borders, oceans, and continents in an electronic speed. For example, a 13 years old girl from Pennsylvania can have an intimate friend in India.She may know what is going on in India more than what her parents know. In contrast, in face-to-face socialization we are practically restricted to the geographical area we live in, most probably, to t he city. This unlimited geographical access, however, has both its let advantages and disadvantages. Even though it helps people to get more information and coordination to tackle community level problems, much(prenominal) as preventing the spread of a new computer virus, it also allows the spread of false and counterproductive information.Currently, face-to-face socialization and online socialization are the two competing available options for socializing. Most people are attracted to one option or the other. Competing School advertisements for face-to-face and online classes are common everywhere. Face-to-face socialization uses speech, body languages, facial expressions, and actions in the communication process, and it has deeper personal connection to the real world. On the other hand, online socialization is a new method based on technological advancements on specific methods of communication, such as written or voice.It is revolutionary, as it has eliminated many restriction s that are integral in the traditional face to face socialization. However, it has also brought new concerns to our society. Thus, it is possible to say that the two socialization methods have noticeable differences. They are both needed to address different social problems. As technology advances, online socialization has got wider acceptance however, like any other technology, it has its own inherent limitations.

Pros and Cons of Inclusive Education Essay

Pros and Cons of comprehension in a global education classroom comprehension in a ecumenical classroom is one of the largest controversies that schools face today. most administrators, p bents and t for each oneers marvel the likely academic impacts associated with the placement of students with special needs into general educational classrooms. comprehension is the educational approach that requires students with disabilities to contemplate together with non- incapacitate students. Rather than the segregation of students based on their physical abilities and disabilities, inclusion dictates that each and every student is a learner who should benefit from a challenging, meaningful and appropriate curriculum. Despite the event that inclusion had its focus on disable students, it has been designed to accommodate diverse strengths, experiences, and challenges of all students. Research suggests that inclusion is beneficial for the students academic progress increases social development and helps increase self-esteem of the students.The following notes throw more than light on the innovation of inclusion in general educational classrooms. Caralee Adams The Challenges of Inclusion. She highlights that most experts and teachers support the objectives of inclusion. However, the main idea she addresses is responsible inclusion. In otherwise words, the teachers and the experts be calling for modifications in the inclusion models such that some scenarios like violent or aggressive kids can be handled effectively.She presents relevant and sufficient evidence in the name of Bill Hutchison, a violent eleven-year old with Down syndrome. This base helps to highlight the key leverage points for effective inclusion. The reputable publication is obtained from a conjectural cum and is sponsored by Scholastic Administrator. Adam owns a bachelors full point in Journalism and Mass chat from Iowa State University and a masters degree in political science from the University of Orleans. She is a bank and renowned freelance writer on topics such as health, personal finance, parenting education, et al. Barkers Does Inclusion Help? This annotation addresses a range of questions through research but chiefly, the impact of inclusion on the entire body of students.On the same note, Barker is interested to know the attitude of disabled students towards learning. He provides sound evidence through a descriptive research. In line with the thesis dictation, the publication helps us recognize the effect of inclusion on the students and theirattitudes besides. Through this research we can answer whether inclusion sincerely helps or not. This is a trusted reputable source too sponsored by the National Association of additional Education Teachers. Benefits of Inclusive Education. In contrast to most members that focus on the benefits of inclusion to only disabled students, this annotation highlights what both disabled and non-disabled students bene fit with by learning together in one classroom. For instance, disabled students are rewarded with friendships and social relations, greater access to general curriculum, greater opportunities to interact et al.The benefits to non-disabled students include meaningful friendships, helps them remark all people, ability to understand and accept diversity et al. This source-Kids Together , Inc- is reliable as it is a nonprofit organization that provides resources and information for adults and children with disabilities. This agrees with our thesis statement on the benefits of inclusion in a general educational classroom. However, this source does not provide us with significant evidence through real-life examples or by research whether the specified benefits are actually realized. The next annotation is titled, Cons of Inclusion. This annotation highlights some of the arguments as wellhead as the major concerns against inclusion.In particular, it states the disadvantages of inclusion in a general educational classroom.For instance, inclusion consumes a lot of the teachers time while some teachers lack training and classroom management is a catchy task. In spite of the fact that we do not know the exact source of this article, the source is reputable, credible and the evidence it provides in one 10-year-old Ryan with learning disabilities is magnificent. This evidence is collected through observational field feed and hence it is significant. It is too in line with the purpose of the essay though it features it is a one-sided scenario. In other words, it addresses the cons of inclusion rather than both the pros and cons of inclusion.Another interesting annotation on comprehensive education is, History of Inclusion by Stephanie Torreno. A century ago, most disabled students were uneducated but today they do learn beside non-disabled students, thanks to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the subsequent 1986 and 1992 amendments. Consequently, educational and empl oyment rights for disabled persons wereguaranteed by federal funded institutions. around importantly, it brings to light a series of legislation s that have been adopted in the context of inclusive education and regarding employment of disabled persons. Understanding the history of inclusion helps us to evaluate how beneficial inclusion has been hence agreeing with our thesis statement about benefits of inclusion. This source is a reliable one as the author herself is disabled. And and then we do believe in her interest regarding government laws on education and employment of disabled people.She was born in Niskayuna , USA and in spite of her physical disability, she owns a bachelors of humanistic discipline degree in Psychology and technical writing. Inclusion by CollenTomko is alike another annotation on inclusive education that we focus on. According to Collen, the inclusion objective is attained when children fully participate in class activities as members with all the serv ices and support that they require. Regardless of the class the students learn in, the developed envision should be around their individual needs. She asserts that, children do not necessarily have to become normal in order to effectively contribute to the world. This and in accordance with the context thesis statement on benefits of inclusion, we are able to understand the main goal of inclusion. Kids Together Organization is an already trusted source and Collen Tomko who holds her Bachelors degree from Pennsylvania State University is the president and co-founder of this non-profit organization providing more reason to believe her.Next is, Inclusive scholarship Environment for Students with Special Needs. Dee Dickson is the founder of New Horizons for Learning (NHLF), a resource for comprehending learning. The network was used to lend new information to teachers. NHFL guides teachers on fresh effective teaching and learning practices so as to perk the whole process of inclusio n a success. For us to realize the full benefits of inclusion in general education classrooms, NHFL therefore provides teachers with updated information and resources to effectively educate inclusive classrooms. On Dee Dickson, she has taught each and every direct right from elementary schools up to university. In this regard, her experience in teaching diverse students is profound and therefore provides reason to believe in her articles. Besides, New Horizons For Learning is an established, reputable and among the leading learning web sources that chance upon and communicate successful strategies to adopt in educationalpractice.Another Inclusive education related annotation is SEDL-Issues About Change Inclusion The Pros and Cons. The article addresses the advantages and disadvantages of inclusion in general educational classrooms. Many questions are asked in this context, namely what inclusion actually means how inclusion looks like comparison and contrast surrounded by full inc lusion and mainstreaming, et al. It investigates a range of issues that surround inclusion. But chiefly, and in with reference to the thesis statement, the article highlights the pros and cons of this practice. The provision of a historical synopsis about special education development undertakes that we could trust this source even though the author is not stated. The paper also provides us with implications for policy makers and educational practitioners. The other paper on the same topic is Special Education Inclusion.This article highlights the confusion the concept of inclusion causes to parents and educators. They do not know whether inclusion is required legally or not and also what is better for their children. The article therefore is about what institutions must do so as to maximally chance the needs of all disabled children. In other words, before we realize the benefits of inclusion, we must answer the question on what must be done and how it should be done. All stakeho lders must be involved research, discussions and enquiry of the entire inclusive educational program for effective or fruitful planning. The annotation is sponsored by a credible source-The Winsconsin Education Association Council (WEAC) which is a representation of education of public employees. Special-needs Education Does Mainstream Inclusion work? The article is about developing a closer relationship between mainstream schools and special education schools.Yes, high-flown inclusion is very expensive but having special schools separately is expensive as well. The respondents featured in this article believe that the curriculum for disabled students needs to be totally different from that of non-disabled students but it is so heartbreaking when students are isolated and stuck in classrooms lacking specialized help. Hence advocates co-location so as to ensure that these students do not suffer. Thus, inclusion in general educational classrooms becomes the only choice. The source i s from a UK-based newspaper-The freelance Saturday and can thus be trusted. Starr, Linda. Inclusion Has It Gone Too Far? One of the advantages of inclusion is step-down of educational fragmentation andprovides an environment in which all the available educational resources are used to make better the performance of each and every child. Inclusive education can be designed for the benefit of both students and teachers through ensuring that all the fiscal and human resources are utilized for the entire body of students. Reduction in educational fragmentation is main benefit of inclusion and therefore in line with the thesis statement about the benefits of inclusion in general educational classrooms.

Optimistic or Numb Essay

For years, poverty is one of the pressing issues that India faced, and being the domain that have one third of the worlds poor, closely Indians ar leading a conduct that people in the modern nightclub deal never imaging. They never had ample food to gather their hunger, nor a pull to sleep and of course, not having clothes to wear and tear. Dangers were al appearances around them and people would be killed so easily like if one is crushing an ant.And because of this, nigh of them give up hope and furlough struggling to improve their lifestyle, and it is to the extent that they became too adaptable to misery and give up their rights of pursuing happiness. In the story The Grass-Eaters by Krishnan Varma, the main mates, Ajit Babu and his wife, Swapna are withdrawed as the poorest people in the Indian society, they lived a refugees life and are forever on the move, redden though Ajit Babu was a school master and is well educated, he was not leading a stable life.Despite th e optimism carriage that Ajit Babu adopts towards the poverty and miseries he suffered, thither real lies a deep sense of despair underneath it. In order to comfort themselves and the couple forced themselves to give up some human disposition for adapting the environment. This is why he is able to grow so accustomed in seeing the darkest side of society that he is able to watch it in peace and contentment.The power used symbolism to emulate the macrocosm behind those contradictions, and to create a couple like them, grass-eaters, home, railway and night blindness (167-170) are a few symbols the author used to offer a distinctive angle of interpretations of this short story. Firstly, the most obvious symbol, the grass-eaters and since it is sets as the title, the author must have his own reason to this. This symbol plays an important agency in the story development, as generally Grass-eater is use to define a type of animal quite than a person who is vegetarian.By using Grass eater, the author is evidenceing to covey the persuasion that these people living in poverty are no longer living in conditions choke for human survival, barely reduced to animals instead. In the later part of the story, the author describes Swapna as fang bared, claws out(167), which depict that she possess animalistic instincts. Secondly, in a good story, there is at least an important subject that the author is trying to convey and usually there will be hints running through the upstanding story.In this story, several repeats of the word home can be found easily. They refer to different places, or in this case, solid objects which plays different roles, but overall they share a similar subject matter, that is to symbolize the incapableness to control of ones fate, especially for the poor. Commonly when it comes to home, most of us will link it with spoken communication like stability, security, family, privacy, comfort, memory and the most important, your roots. But, in this story, home does not represent this at all.Since the couple is constantly on the move, it shows the instability their life, from the start, they have to leave their own state, where their roots are and travel miles to Calcutta to avoid the riots in East Bengal (167). In their first home, which is nothing more than a footpath, it is so crowded that at once you leave your place at night, you will not be able to find your place again (167) and there is no privacy, as sharing one home with strangers is very common, not only that, there is no security at all, since one might lose an ear by spending a night at such a place (167).In their second home, which is a wagon, even though they manage to get all the privacy they want, it is very insecure, since That was not the only we went to bed in Calcutta and woke up in another place(168). While privacy is very important to us but it is something we take for granted, but to the couple it is a heaven-sent gift. In order to let their fourt h kid, Prodeep to be born in a proper place, they move to a cement concrete pipe (168), and it actually make Swapna feel very comfortable. As seen, the poor are very contented with such secondary improvement.This show they have when through a great deal of torment. In their last or most current home, the roof, Ajit Babu is pleased with the surrounding as the rental is cheaper as compare to other populate yet they have much more space for their son to play (169). In this story, perhaps the author creates the absence of the common meaning of a home to show that, the places they live in badly privation stability, security, privacy, comfort and memory and only death will then grant the couple a place with all the things they lack of.As seen in the story, there is an eternal home to the couple, which is their tombs, the phrase We have a son to do our funeral rites when we died(170) appeared twice, and from this we can infer that the place can serve as a stable, secure, reclusive and comfortable home for the couple. Since this is what the realistic world cannot give, so they resort to the reincarnation and hope that in their bordering life, life will be much fairer to them.This show that to the poor, maybe death is better than life in this real world. Thirdly, most of the couples homes are near a railway, which have a long, eonian shape, and at some point of time make one feel like it is an never-ending way, unspoiled like life is endless, since you never know when will it endless and watching the approaching and departing train as though its a cycle, which is just like life.In the story, the couple are Hindus and Hinduism is a faith that holds the belief in reincarnation, where souls are being evolved through many evolutions. Therefore the railway has a meaning of being rebirth by linking the present and future. And since the couple are travelling to and fro the railway, it might symbolize their dish up of being rebirth into a better life, which we can see , that they are able to improve their living conditions as the story progresses.Finally the last symbol, night blindness, the author described as the couple as nightblind (169), there is three different interpretation to this, first, it could be refer as an illness, which is results from lack of certain necessary nutrition, since the couple are so poor, they are not able to pass food that can provide abundant nutrition. Second, one can interpret night-blindness as a result of no electricity, because they cant afford the electricity bills, thus they are unable to navigate themselves around in the dark.Both inferences are a subtle highlight that poverty is one of the pressing issues and people are suffering from illness and diseases because of it. However, night-blindness can also be interpreted being optimistic, in this case being blind to the darkness in life and the obstacles that they may experience, as the only way to survived in this realistic world, is to be numb to the suffe rings that extend even if is against their own will. In this story, the author showed the reality of the poorest people in his society, through a way of symbolism.The optimism that Ajit Babu has is in fact a kind of escape from reality. He chooses the easier way out by ignoring the sufferings he face, rather than facing them and fight for his own happiness. Poverty certainly is awful. But what really matters is to try whatever means possible to fight against it, rather than pretend to be enjoying the poverty and believe in the so-called optimism. Works Cited Varma Krishnan. The Grass-Eaters. 1985. Rpt. in The International Story An Anthology with Guidelines for Reading and Writing about Fiction. Ruth Spack. novel York St. Martins, 1994. 167-170