Postoperative pain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Postoperative pain management - Essay Example Management of pain following a surgery employs oral or rectal analgesics, intramuscular opioid injections, systemic opioid analgesia, continuous subcutaneous infusion of analgesics, and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).Management of pain following a surgical procedure is one of the major challenges and source of concern for health care providers (Berge et al, 2004). However, surveys have revealed that hospital postoperative pain management, such as opioid intramuscular injections are frequently inefficient, resulting in unrelieved pain in approximately 50% of patients (Steinberg et al, 2002). Various studies have shown that postoperative pain has significant influence on the recovery of the patient, length of stay in the hospital, mobility, cost of hospitalization and also postoperative morbidity like cognitive dysfunction and pulmonary complications (Pain Management Guideline Panel., 1992). According to Sommer et al (2008), moderate to severe pain occurs in more than 50 percent of patients who undergo abdominal surgery It is crucial to control postoperative pain and currently in every hospital in the western world, control of post operative pain is given utmost importance. An understanding of pain management in the postoperative period can be enhanced through reflection. Reflection is evaluation and examination of thoughts and actions of oneself. For health practitioners, reflection means focusing on the interaction of oneself with colleagues and environment in a particular situation so that they are able to evaluate their own behavior. â€Å"Reflection gives scope for better understanding of oneself so that existing strengths can be used to build-up for future actions "(Somerville and Keeling, 2004). In order to be an effective practitioner, one must be able to identify one's strengths in approaching a problem, assess one's level of competency and improve on what one thinks are the weaknesses so that when the same problems arise in the future, the right ap proach can be adapted. Reflection is also an opportunity for professional growth and development to increase competence in the nursing practice (Alexander, Fawcett and Runciman, 2006). Reflective practice is very essential for nursing clinical practice because it helps the nurse to understand, assess and learn through the experiences during clinical practice (Burns and Grove, 2005). In the following assignment, I shall discuss about management of a patient with postoperative pain based on Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle. This is because, Gibbs Reflective Cycle is a straight forward and recognized framework for reflection wherein it enables clear description of the situation of the patient, the analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion where other points are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if situation arose again. Case description Mr. X was a 67 years old male patient, who I looked af ter in a Surgical High Dependency Unit (SHDU). He was transferred from theatre following Whipples, where a total pancreatectomy was performed along with the removal of Gall Bladder and Duodenum.  Past medical history included hypertension and chemotherapy 2 years ago following the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. He was also underweight. The patient was transferred to SHDU in a stable condition. On the 1st day post op, the Epidural Analgesia’s catheter was dislodged by accident and according to the protocol (NHS 2009), it could not be used anymore. Although, the patient had prescribed oral pain reliefs as required, Mr. X showed discomfort and pain, once resting and moving in bed. Because of the risk of post operative complications including pressure sores and chest infection, the issue was highlighted to Pain Management Nurse, who prescribed Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA). The Pain Management Nurse provided short educational session for Mr. X, as he never used PCA before and appeared to be anxious about

Letter of Transmittal Essay Example for Free

Letter of Transmittal Essay As per the request you made, I am writing this report to point out problem areas that Pinkberry will have to carefully consider as it attempts to expand its presence internationally, and particularly into the Kuwaiti market. For five years now, Pinkberry has established a solid reputation as the finest purveyor of frozen yogurts in the US, rising to gain the market leadership position in this category. This has largely been made possible through our unique product offering, which makes use of the highest quality, real, non-fat milk. With our success in the US market, time is ripe for the company to expand internationally and capture the global market by leveraging on this strength, which is also the source of the company’s competitive advantage. One of the prime investment destinations that we have identified is Kuwait. With a real GDP growth rate of 8. 5% in 2008, a relatively open economy, high rates of growth in the services sector driven by a boon in oil prices in recent times, opportunities for growth in this market abound for Pinkberry. Additionally, US products enjoy very favorable attitudes in the country, with the two countries having pre-existing trade relationships where the US is Kuwait’s largest import partner accounting for about 13% % of all its imports. Notwithstanding these factors, Pinkberry’s entry and subsequent success in the Kuwaiti market is likely to be tempered with various challenges. These include cultural differences between the Kuwaiti and US markets, political-legal forces, and the unavailability of local sources of raw materials. By going through this report, I believe that you will get an exhaustive appreciation of these factors, which will enable us come up with strategies that will help us effectively conquer the Kuwaiti market. I remain greatly thankful for the opportunity to prepare this report and will remain freely available for any clarifications arising. Yours faithfully, Business Development Manager, Pinkberry.

Female Genital Mutilation Essays -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I decided to do this paper in an effort to try and become less ethnocentric and find an appreciation of cultural practices which were not of my own.   I feel I have found a deeper appreciation for many African cultural practices, but my research of African culture has exposed me to many practices that seem inhumane and barbaric. One cultural practice that I just cannot bring myself to agree with is the treatment and oppression of African women by men. Through my studies on Female Genital Mutilation, I had hoped to find a valid explanation for this procedure that is so frequently being done to women and female children.   Instead, I found something deep within myself that wishes this mutilation would come to an end.   Allow me to provide you with the facts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Female Genital Mutilation, sometimes also referred to as femal circumcision, is a surgical modification of the female genitalia.   Ther are four forms of female genital mutilation.   The first is called Mild Sunna.   It is the removal of the prepuce of the clitoris.   It is comparable to male circumcision when the foreskin is removed from the penis.   Next there is the Modified Sunna which is the partial or total removal of the body of the clitoris.   Then you have the Clitoridectomy or Excision.   This is the removal of all or part of the clitoris as well as all or part of the labia minora.   Lastly, there is Infibulation or Pharaonic circumcision.   This consists of a clitoridectomy and the removal of the labia minora and also the inner layers of the labia majora.   The raw edges of the vulva are then sewn together with catgut or brought together by use of thorns.   A small sliver of wood or straw is often then inserted into the vagina to prevent complete occlusion and to ... ... Nearly one hundred fifty million females have undergone this procedure and it is estimated that each year 2 million individuals are still at risk.   I am hoping that this information will grab at the hearts of others and educate readers on the facts of Female Genital Mutilation.   With that, I devote this to my sisters in Africa in hopes that this violation will one day come to an end. Works Cited 1.   Do They Hear You When You Cry.   Fauziya Kassindja. 1998 2.   Female Genital Mutilation. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists Committee Opinion. Number 151. Jan. 2003 3.   Female Genital Mutilation.   Council of Scientific Affairs.   American Medical Association.   JAMA Dec. 2000. Vol.274. No. 21 4.   Infibulation in the Horn of Africa. Guy Pieters M.D. Albert B. Lowentels M.D.   New York State Journal of Medicine. April 2001. Vol. 77. Number 6. pgs.729-731

Research Method : Regression Model on the GDP of Sri Lanka

In extension Of the production function, foreign financed capital (l), export (EX) and import (IM) are added into the model to determine their impact on the economic growth. Pawl's (2002) mentioned that the import is considered will affect the economic growth which are divided into intermediate and capital good imports. Flamboyancy's (as cited in Bait, 2013) include FED as the addition input to labor and domestic capital in production function since it's the main source of human capital and new technology for new developing country.As mentioned by Namely (as cited in Bait, 2013), exports are included in the production function as more input of macro are needed. The FED stock was excluded from the Gross Capital Formation as it included both domestic and foreign investment and to avoid double measurement (Bait, 201 3) The production function extended, assuming multiple-linear equation, an Ordinary Least Squared estimate which specified below: Where -? The estimated Gross Domestic Produ ct per capita growth (annual = The Investment in terms of Gross Fixed Capital formation (% of GAP). The Labor force in terms of total (person). The Export of goods and services (% of GAP). = The Import of goods and services (% of GAP). The Gross Capital Formation (% of GAP). = The error term of the regression. In the research done by Bass, Corroboratory and Regale (as cited in Turned, 201 2) studied the long-run and the short-run relationship between the investments with the gross domestic product (GAP). The result of their finding that there are positive long-run relationship between GAP and investment where their finding are consistent with findings obtained from Khan and Khan ND Mathematician (as cited in Turned, 2012).Allah, Zamia, Faro and Jived (as cited in Hussein, 2014) have conducted a research to check whether there is nun-directional or bidirectional causality between the export and economy growth and the result suggested that there is nun-directional causality between th e economic growth and export. In addition, findings by Mishear (201 1) there exist a positive impact on the increasing of real GAP with export in the case study of India which supported by Pharaoh (as cited in Mishear, 201 1) also found that export have positive and significant impact on economic growth.The increasing number of global labor workforce represent the opportunity to drive the economic growth and the increase in the gross domestic product (GAP) but it also represent many challenges (Wristwatch Institute, 2014). With the increase of number of labor in the labor workforce, the productivity level will reach optimum level at a certain point but after that point, the productivity level will decrease as the number keep increasing.As or the case of Sir Lankan, now with the government effort to achieve upper middle income country, the increasing of the labor workforce will bring positive impact to the economic growth of Sir Lankan. According to Pawl's (2002), imported intermedia te goods have a positively and significantly influence the GAP growth in the long run. The main export of Sir Lankan is mainly architecture goods which are mainly depends on the import of fertilizers and agriculture machines. Thus it is acceptable to said that import of intermediate goods will brings positive and significant effect on the economic growth of Sir Lankan.Based on the study by Imprimatur (2013) on effects of the gross capital formation on the GAP growth in India on agriculture sector found that higher level of gross capital formation in the agriculture sector as agriculture is the main backbone of the India economy was able to improve the overall GAP growth rate. This study can be apply to Sir Lankan as Sir Land's main economy are agriculture based economy. Thus, this shows positive relationship between the Gross Capital Formation (GIF) with the Gross Domestic Product (GAP).

Problem Solution Essay

The issue concentrates on the environment and its problems. Nature is fighting back against the abuses we have inflicted on it! Due to human carelessness that damaged the environment, many communities are now suffering from environmental crisis. Food, air and water needed for life’s processes which the environment provides unfortunately contain many harmful substances called pollutants. The presence in the environment—air, water and soil—of waste materials or pollutants which the environment cannot handle, degrade, disperse or diffuse so that it becomes unclean and unhealthy is called pollution. Most pollution is caused by man. Pollutants will increase as population grows, hence, minimizing the production of pollutants and managing its proper disposal must be the goal of every human being. Air pollution that is an undesirable change in the physical and chemical characteristics of air: industrial plants, motor vehicles, indiscriminate throwing and burning of refuse everywhere make the air polluted. Prolonged exposure to air pollution may cause respiratory and other diseases as well as irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Water pollution that contains more harmful substances such harmful bacteria and poisonous chemicals, are likely to cause gastro-intestinal diseases, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, infectious hepatitis, food poisoning and even death. Land pollution is when harmful substances are introduced into the soil making it unable to sustain plant life; toxic residues from the accumulation of chemicals in the land can cause cancer and other diseases. And noise pollution that refers to the presence of too loud, too sudden or very unpleasant sounds that becomes an assault to the body causing mental or physical harm, it affects not only the ears but also directly or indirectly impairs the mind and the whole body. There is a way out of this trap. In a word, it is sacrifice. The fact is that there is no way to both clean up the environment and conserve natural resources without changing the life-style of people in the industrialized nations. The challenge is that of motivating people to make the necessary changes now, before a worldwide disaster forces, much more difficult adjustments upon us.   There is no doubt that our existing resources can be used far more efficiently. It is possible for a large-scale, multiple stage recycling program to be introduced in imitation of natural ecosystems. Just as necessities of life are used by one organism after another in various ecological cycles, so human could reuse many of its essential raw materials over and over. To take a simple example, garbage could be used as fuel to run the mills to make recycled paper, the wastes from which could be burned as fuel. Similarly, it is possible that community water districts will some day become closed systems, meaning that the water would be used again and again, never being discharged into an ocean or river. Some factories already have such closed systems. It is possible to envision larger closed systems designed so that no industrial material would ever be discarded as either waste or pollution. Keeping a clean environment is the responsibility of the government, society and each individual. Today, environmental problems must be given extra attention to protect people from this danger. While it is true that the government has passed laws to make our atmosphere safer, the success of these laws depends largely on the cooperation of the populace. All of us must have knowledge of this environmental menace. Yes, there is still a gleaming hope to save our Mother Earth from total destruction. There is still a chance to regain the lost paradise we unscrupulously abused. We must do our part to make this world a safer place to live in, not just for ourselves and our neighbors but our future generations. People of the industrialized nations learned to accept a more leisurely life-style and a lower standard of living, while encouraging economic growth in the Third World. Works Cited: Barrow, C.J. Environmental Management and Development. Routledge, 2005. Caldwell, Lynton K. Environmental Policy: Transnational Issues and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Trends. Quorum Books, 1997. Kemp, David D. Global Environmental Issues: A Climatological   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Approach. Routledge, 1994.

Free Essays on Death Pen

The Debate over the merits of capital punishment has endured for years, and continues to be an extremely indecisive and complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Society must be kept safe from the monstrous barbaric acts of these individuals and other killers, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. At the same time, we must insure that innocent people such as Marshall and Millgard are never convicted or sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. Many contend that the use of capital punishment as a form of deterrence does not work, as there are no fewer murders on a per- capita basis in countries or states that do have it, then those that do not. In order for capital punishment to work as a deterrence, certain events must be present in the criminal's mind prior to committing the offence. The criminal must be aware that others have been punishe d in the past for the offence that he or she is planning, and that what happened to another individual who committed this offence, can also happen to me. But individuals who commit any types of crime ranging from auto theft to 1st-Degree Murder, never take into account the consequences of their actions. Deterrence to crime, is rooted in the individuals themselves. Every human has a personal set of conduct. How much they will and will not tolerate. How far they will and will not go. This personal set of conduct can be made or be broken by friends, influences, family, home, life, etc. An individual who is never taught some sort of restraint as a child, will probably never understand any limit as to what they can do, until they have learned it themselves. Therefore, capital punishment will never truly work as a deterrent, because of human nature to ignore practised advice and to self learn. There are those who claim that capital punishment is in itself a form o... Free Essays on Death Pen Free Essays on Death Pen The Debate over the merits of capital punishment has endured for years, and continues to be an extremely indecisive and complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Society must be kept safe from the monstrous barbaric acts of these individuals and other killers, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. At the same time, we must insure that innocent people such as Marshall and Millgard are never convicted or sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. Many contend that the use of capital punishment as a form of deterrence does not work, as there are no fewer murders on a per- capita basis in countries or states that do have it, then those that do not. In order for capital punishment to work as a deterrence, certain events must be present in the criminal's mind prior to committing the offence. The criminal must be aware that others have been punishe d in the past for the offence that he or she is planning, and that what happened to another individual who committed this offence, can also happen to me. But individuals who commit any types of crime ranging from auto theft to 1st-Degree Murder, never take into account the consequences of their actions. Deterrence to crime, is rooted in the individuals themselves. Every human has a personal set of conduct. How much they will and will not tolerate. How far they will and will not go. This personal set of conduct can be made or be broken by friends, influences, family, home, life, etc. An individual who is never taught some sort of restraint as a child, will probably never understand any limit as to what they can do, until they have learned it themselves. Therefore, capital punishment will never truly work as a deterrent, because of human nature to ignore practised advice and to self learn. There are those who claim that capital punishment is in itself a form o...

Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol

Teens and Alcohol Did you know that in America we have a growing underage drinking epidemic? Will according to a research investigation we do. The research conducted by Columbia’s National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA), underage drinking has become an epidemic in America and alcohol is the number one drug used by teens. It has shown that teens begin drinking as early as middle school and by high school graduation 80% of teens have tried alcohol. Also according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, teens who start drinking by the age of 15 are four more times likely to develop alcohol dependency. They have shown that over 3 million teenagers are out right alcoholics and that several million more have a serious drinking problem. Both research groups agree that alcohol causes health problems and it is also a contributing factor in the top three causes of death among teens: accidents, homicide and suicide. In order to stop this epidemic, as a society we need to teach teens what alcohol is and what alcohol does to them. They need to know what harm alcohol does to them physically and mentally. They need to know that, not only does alcohol cause harm to themselves, but when they are drinking they can cause harm to others as well. That alcohol is a dangerous and can lead them into trouble. Alcohol is a drug made when fruits, grains and vegetables are fermented. This is when a process using bacteria and yeast causes the sugars in the original food to change chemically into alcohol. Fermenting is an everyday useful process that enables us to make medicines, cheeses, vitamins and citric acids. These things help us get better when sick and gives us some of the foods we eat. Alcohol is also used in everyday life as an antiseptic, sedative and even as a cleaning product, but when consumed it can be dangerous to our health. Alcohol is an addicting drug that impairs one’s ability signif... Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol Teens and Alcohol Somewhere a mother waits up for her sixteen-year-old daughter who went to a â€Å"birthday† party with her new boyfriend. The girl’s curfew was ten o’clock and it is now twelve-thirty. There comes a knocking on the door, the mother opens it to find a police officer, hat in hand, trying to find the right words to break the news gently to the worried mother. The â€Å"birthday† party was really a beer bash and at ten o’clock when the girl finally made it clear that she had to go home, the young man who had already had far too much to drink, decided to drive her home, and passed out while driving, on the train track. The locomotive was traveling about 80mph carrying the car about two miles down the tracks. The girl never had a chance to get out of the car before the train hit. The girl died on impact and the boy was pronounced DOA at the local hospital. There is a worried mother pacing the floor†¦. How many mothers have to have their families shattered by the unexpected death of their children? It is hard enough for teenagers today to grow-up. The pressures of being young are, in some cases, overwhelming. However these pressures are doubled when these young people go out and get drunk every night. Teens who consume alcohol run the risk of not growing up mentally, damaging their internal organs, and they even risk their very life. Teenagers are dying way too young due to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Young minds must be protected whether they want to be or not the legal age for the purchase and consumption of alcoholic beverages should be raised to twenty-five. Alcohol clouds the mind and numbs the brain. Heavy drinking causes the reflexes to be sluggish. When minors get drunk, their mental processes get messed up. Some teenagers think he/she really needs a drink in order to deal with school and homework. The scribbles they call penmanship would make a newborn baby’s scribbles... Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol Teens and Alcohol Did you know that in America we have a growing underage drinking epidemic? Will according to a research investigation we do. The research conducted by Columbia’s National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA), underage drinking has become an epidemic in America and alcohol is the number one drug used by teens. It has shown that teens begin drinking as early as middle school and by high school graduation 80% of teens have tried alcohol. Also according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, teens who start drinking by the age of 15 are four more times likely to develop alcohol dependency. They have shown that over 3 million teenagers are out right alcoholics and that several million more have a serious drinking problem. Both research groups agree that alcohol causes health problems and it is also a contributing factor in the top three causes of death among teens: accidents, homicide and suicide. In order to stop this epidemic, as a society we need to teach teens what alcohol is and what alcohol does to them. They need to know what harm alcohol does to them physically and mentally. They need to know that, not only does alcohol cause harm to themselves, but when they are drinking they can cause harm to others as well. That alcohol is a dangerous and can lead them into trouble. Alcohol is a drug made when fruits, grains and vegetables are fermented. This is when a process using bacteria and yeast causes the sugars in the original food to change chemically into alcohol. Fermenting is an everyday useful process that enables us to make medicines, cheeses, vitamins and citric acids. These things help us get better when sick and gives us some of the foods we eat. Alcohol is also used in everyday life as an antiseptic, sedative and even as a cleaning product, but when consumed it can be dangerous to our health. Alcohol is an addicting drug that impairs one’s ability signif...

The Pied in The Pied Piper

The Pied in The Pied Piper The Pied in The Pied Piper The Pied in The Pied Piper By Maeve Maddox The Pied Piper is a character in a German folk tale popularized in English by Robert Browning in his poem â€Å"The Pied Piper of Hamelin.† In Browning’s version, a town corporation hires the Piper to rid their town of a plague of rats. They agree to pay what the Piper asks. When the rats are dead, however, the town leaders renege on the contract because the rats cannot be brought back. In retaliation, the Piper lures away their children, never to be seen again. The moral of the tale is that cheating people can have unexpected and dreadful consequences. The term â€Å"pied piper† has entered the language in the sense of someone who, by means of personal charm, entices people to follow him or her, usually to disappointment or misfortune. Browning’s Piper wears a long coat â€Å"from heel to head† which is â€Å"half of yellow and half of red.† The coat is what gives him his name. The adjective pied means â€Å"of two colors.† Originally, the two colors were black and white, the colors of a magpie. Magpie is where the â€Å"pie† comes from. The word usually refers to an animal with markings of two colors, especially a bird: pied kingfisher, pied flycatcher, pied finch, etc. In the Middle Ages, the Carmelites were called â€Å"pied friars† because their religious habit consisted of a brown tunic and a white cloak. The Benedictines and Cistercian monks were called â€Å"pied monks† because they wore a white tunic and a short black cloak. A pied horsepiebald has black and white patches, although some speakers use the word pied or piebald to describe patches of any differing colors. Another type of pied horse is called a skewbald: When the white is mixed with black it is called pie-bald, with bay the name of skew-bald is given to it. –Youatts The Horse, 1866. The term pied piper is popular with writers on the Web, although what they mean by it is often difficult to discern: Rufus Harley: the Pied Piper of jazz Todd is the Pied Piper of cool Steve Gryb: the Pied Piper of Percussion Mohamed El Baradei: Globalist Pied Piper of the Egyptian Revolt Seligman: the Pied Piper of positive psychology Ryan McGinley, the Pied Piper of the Downtown Art World Jerry Kapstein: the Pied Piper of Free Agents Headlines are innately ambiguous, but here’s a reference that definitely departs from the traditional meaning of pied piper as â€Å"someone charming who leads his followers to misfortune†: Hes a team guy and just beloved by people that know him. Hes very pleasant to be around. Hes like the Pied Piper, Lamb said. Perhaps a revival of Browning’s poem is in order. In our age of skullduggery, the topic remains timely. Besides, it’s fun to read aloud. Here are a few lines to get you started: Rats!   They fought the dogs and killed the cats,   And bit the babies in the cradles,   And ate the cheeses out of the vats,   And licked the soup from the cooks own ladles,   Split open the kegs of salted sprats,   Made nests inside mens Sunday hats,   And even spoiled the womens chats,   By drowning their speaking   With shrieking and squeaking   In fifty different sharps and flats. You can read it all here: †The Pied Piper of Hamelin† by Robert Browning. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?41 Words That Are Better Than GoodKn- Words in English

Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health in Australia Essay

Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health in Australia - Essay Example 181). Australia is one of the countries experiencing such problems, particularly in the rural areas. Consequently, the government invests a lot of money in the health care sector. The government had planned to develop and implement locally appropriate evidence based sustainable models of service delivery that included a strong health promotion and prevention focus. Many criticisms were noted during this period. Some people especially from the urban areas believed that the government had already done enough and the introduction of such programs would only waste public money. Consequently, health action by both the Australian government and the society can ensure a continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health. The Australian government needs to reconsider the provision of a complete harmonized family-centered service system to succeed in providing continuum care for maternal, newborn, and child health (Kuhlthau, Sheila, Jeanne, Alixandra & Diane et al 2011, p. 137). A synchronized structure of early childhood services that can respond to the upcoming and varying needs of mothers and infants in the rural areas is essential. It aids in achieving better results for children. Moreover, the systems are aimed at ensuring that people and the society become friendlier to children and mothers by providing comprehensive services (Kuhlthau, Sheila, Jeanne, Alixandra & Diane et al 2011, p. 137). The agenda can further improve the level of maternal and child health (MCH) services, especially in the rural areas by creating service systems that concentrate on the needs of family, infants and the society at the local level. Maternal and child health is a section of rural service network that comprises of local organizations, intercession services for early childhood, issues of family conflicts and parenting (Costello, Bernice, Adrian and Barbara 1998, p.169).

Relgion in Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Relgion in Politics - Research Paper Example In fact, the conflict between religion and politics has been great with the main area of focus being in the power of population control. Politics and religion focus on control of the population, but the level of control varies significantly depending on the level of affiliation or allegiance. The desire to control world governments by religion in the past led to serious challenges including the development of rebellion against the religious states and the development of secular states across the world. Currently, there are more secular states that the traditional religious states or government. The success of the change is pegged on the desire to create autonomy between church and state (Pew Research Center). Despite the drive for autonomy, the state leaders are expected to be affiliated with a certain religion. The case is applicable to most countries including the US and European countries. This paper will evaluate the role of religion in politics and changes in politics and religi on by evaluating the changes in trends of governance. Likewise, the current interplay between religion and politics will be evaluated in order to develop the necessary understanding of the current position of religion. History of the relationship of religion and politics The relationship between religion and politics is complex due to several issues associated with both politics and religion. Politics and religion share almost the principles because of the desire to control the population. However, in the past two centuries, the power of religion in shaping political survival has increased significantly by the end of the era coming during the industrial revolution. Coupled with the change in the societal structure and liberalization of the society, the change ensured that the power of religion is greatly reduced and even increased the level of societal liberalizations. The change in population and acceptance of behaviors that religion rejects totally indicates the changing role of r eligion. Through liberalization, the power of religion in shaping the politics of the day has been greatly reduced (Hawkins). The collapse of communism and the end of the famous cold war was viewed as the beginning of a change. However, it was not the end of the global conflict. After the cold war and the end of communism, the dictatorship governments of the time started crumbling and then led to the growth of democracy. The rule of majority spread very fast giving rise to a new world order, which was based on freedom peace and market economies. The peace existing globally affected the spending on security. In fact, the US reduced spending on military operations by closing its overseas bases. The growth of radical Islam throughout Asia during the century was not an issue affecting the western countries because it was not an issue of grave concern. The conflicts in Palestine and other countries were not viewed as important. In addition, the victory of the Taliban in Afghanistan was n ot viewed as a potential problem. The peace allowed tranquility in the world, but ensured that the animosity and hatred of many Muslims towards perceived Jewish and Christian imperialism increased. In the US, Christianity underwent resurgence including the teaching of the family values by the conservatives. During the time, Christianity enjoyed the respect as one of the historical foundations of the western culture. The influence of

Collision Insurance Requirement and Traffic Safety Act in Gonzalez vs Essay

Collision Insurance Requirement and Traffic Safety Act in Gonzalez vs. Raich's case - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the individual mandate will be a crucial part of the CIRTSA’s plan to reduce car accident costs. If individuals do not have to purchase insurance, then the companies offering the service cannot ensure others who are affected by accidents. It is possible to argue that, under the Commerce Clause, Congress can regulate those activities that will significantly impact on interstate commerce by contending that the motor insurance market is a significant player in the national US economy. Therefore, uninsured drivers will use roads and fail to pay for the billions of dollars the sector is worth annually, shifting the costs to society and significantly impacting on interstate commerce. The US Supreme Court ruling in Gonzalez vs. Raich relied in part on Wickard v. Filburn, which can be, in this case, to hold that the refusal of many individuals to buy collision insurance would substantially impact on the market for collision insurance. This is because even i f, the activity of the individual may not be considered commerce, Congress could still treat it as such because it exerts substantial effects interstate commerce economically, especially if many people lose their livelihoods, such as with Robert Doe. A substantial number of Americans will require collision insurance at some point and, if they do not purchase insurance, they will be shifting their costs to other individuals. This law should be introduced as a regulation for how people pay for their likely collision insurance. Finally, if the Act is challenged in court, it can be argued that laws must be presumed constitutional if it is impossible to prove otherwise. Because Congress is entrusted by the Constitution with policy decisions, the courts should rarely interfere with its policies. The second argument could come in if the Commerce Clause is found insufficient to support CIRTSA’s individual mandate. In this case, the mandate should be upheld as being within the powers of Congress to lay taxes and collect them.

REPORT ON FREIGHT TRAIN OPTIMIZATION AND SIMULATION Essay

REPORT ON FREIGHT TRAIN OPTIMIZATION AND SIMULATION - Essay Example This however, is rare as it presents challenges in terms of cost and implementation to the stakeholders. On the same note, the current train system is operating at its optimal with which come numerous challenges and safety concerns (Ballis et al, 2004). This calls for a more efficient and effecting freight train optimisation and simulation capable of mitigating the emerging concerns, and even proceed further to predict possible future concerns. Factors considered in the rail freight transport were crew scheduling and train scheduling. This is because, unlike passenger train schedules which can be planned and allocated a slot well in advance, Freight trains are dynamic and require a shorter planning period. Freight train systems vary depending on availability of goods and distance required to be covered. This paper provides an overview of freight transport and the possible effects optimization of the rail system will cause. Problem Statement In any environment and or country that have a considerable amount of shipment rail transport is always the centre of focus. Freight train has faced an increased attention due to problems related with road congestion and safety concerns. Furthermore, large container shipments are always a problem at major ports. A good organisation and prioritisation of freight flows and validating an expedition and efficient freight train systems will go a long way in ensuring speedy processing and clearing of these shipment containers. Motivation/Applications Railway transports system is uniquely designed to deliver efficiency and reliability as it allows for massive freight transport at low and affordable rates. This reliance and steady growth on rail transport however, cannot be fully matched by an equal growth pace of the rail system and network. The increased traffic therefore relies on a nearly out-dated system that requires urgent revision. The hampered growth pace is caused by several factors the most obvious being the high costs inv olved in such an investment (Rizzoli, 2002). Additionally, due to the bulk of both the locomotive trains and its related infrastructure, expansion space required is also a concern especially when it comes to residential and ragged terrain surroundings. Railway companies therefore, are left out with limited options the most significant of which is exploitation of the available resources. This can be done through the implementation of better systems that will facilitate better more efficient time management. Furthermore, additional test environments can be developed to study and understand the various challenges involved on the ground during freight train movement to mitigate risks involved. Objectives The objective of this report is to provide an in depth understanding of the freight train optimization and simulation system. Current conditions will be exploited with the objective of coming up with an optimal train scheduling and optimization technique under an array of realistic and probable conditions. These conditions include; infrastructure I place, optimal average speed done by each train, and the inflow of freight goods. In addition, this report seeks to alleviate the efficiency of freight train transportation by highlighting all the impacts it has on the transport system, and further proposing ways to better improve and handle safety measures already in place. These will

London underground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

London underground - Essay Example It is also the first railway network to operate electric trains, in 1890, which now forms part of Northern line. The purpose of this paper is to explore the history of the London underground, its map design, services, fare, and system. It will also discuss improvements that need to be made in order to improve its functionality, especially with regard to whether or not a ladies carriage should be opened. Finally, the paper will discuss the safety issues and the ridership statistics. The history of railway construction in the United Kingdom can be traced back to early 19th century in which six railway terminals were built on the outskirts of London at around 1854. This include the Euston, King’s Cross, London Bridge, Waterloo, Paddington and Bishopsgate. During this period, there was only the Fenchurch Street that was located at the central business district of London City. This saw an increase in traffic jams, partly due to the desire for rail travelers to be able to reach the city centre by road. Therefore, as a means to decongest traffic in London, a proposal that had been made in 1830s, to construct an underground railway to connect the London City with the mainline terminals was re-energized in 1850s. This was due to the public pressure exerted on the government by commuters who were concerned about the traffic congestion in the city, which led to a lot of delays to reach the London’s city centre where they worked. As a result, in 1855, an Act of Parliament was passed approving the building of an underground railway between Farringdon Street through King’s Cross and Paddington, which was to be called the Metropolitan Railway. The project received a financial backing from Great Western Railway (GWR) when it consented that a junction would be constructed to link underground railway and mainline terminus at Paddington. Moreover, the GWR also accepted to design distinctive trains to link with the new subterranean

REPORT ON FREIGHT TRAIN OPTIMIZATION AND SIMULATION Essay

REPORT ON FREIGHT TRAIN OPTIMIZATION AND SIMULATION - Essay Example This however, is rare as it presents challenges in terms of cost and implementation to the stakeholders. On the same note, the current train system is operating at its optimal with which come numerous challenges and safety concerns (Ballis et al, 2004). This calls for a more efficient and effecting freight train optimisation and simulation capable of mitigating the emerging concerns, and even proceed further to predict possible future concerns. Factors considered in the rail freight transport were crew scheduling and train scheduling. This is because, unlike passenger train schedules which can be planned and allocated a slot well in advance, Freight trains are dynamic and require a shorter planning period. Freight train systems vary depending on availability of goods and distance required to be covered. This paper provides an overview of freight transport and the possible effects optimization of the rail system will cause. Problem Statement In any environment and or country that have a considerable amount of shipment rail transport is always the centre of focus. Freight train has faced an increased attention due to problems related with road congestion and safety concerns. Furthermore, large container shipments are always a problem at major ports. A good organisation and prioritisation of freight flows and validating an expedition and efficient freight train systems will go a long way in ensuring speedy processing and clearing of these shipment containers. Motivation/Applications Railway transports system is uniquely designed to deliver efficiency and reliability as it allows for massive freight transport at low and affordable rates. This reliance and steady growth on rail transport however, cannot be fully matched by an equal growth pace of the rail system and network. The increased traffic therefore relies on a nearly out-dated system that requires urgent revision. The hampered growth pace is caused by several factors the most obvious being the high costs inv olved in such an investment (Rizzoli, 2002). Additionally, due to the bulk of both the locomotive trains and its related infrastructure, expansion space required is also a concern especially when it comes to residential and ragged terrain surroundings. Railway companies therefore, are left out with limited options the most significant of which is exploitation of the available resources. This can be done through the implementation of better systems that will facilitate better more efficient time management. Furthermore, additional test environments can be developed to study and understand the various challenges involved on the ground during freight train movement to mitigate risks involved. Objectives The objective of this report is to provide an in depth understanding of the freight train optimization and simulation system. Current conditions will be exploited with the objective of coming up with an optimal train scheduling and optimization technique under an array of realistic and probable conditions. These conditions include; infrastructure I place, optimal average speed done by each train, and the inflow of freight goods. In addition, this report seeks to alleviate the efficiency of freight train transportation by highlighting all the impacts it has on the transport system, and further proposing ways to better improve and handle safety measures already in place. These will

Personal opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal opinion - Essay Example the World War II is considered to be a huge catastrophe worldwide and I agree with the point, but let’s consider some consequences it led to which actually were not bad but even good, for example, in American society. First of all, national wealth increased, and, feeling the advent of better life, people reacted accordingly. Young people started getting married, which led to baby boom and the divorce statistics decrease; in addition, a nuclear family began being an object of imitation, and it originated the fashion of the â€Å"American dream† way of life. But the situation was not so perfect like it seemed, because on a background of American prosperity there was a Cold War situation. Stalin’s extension of communism through Europe and Eastern countries threatened to increase US power in world political arena. Cold War caused huge changes in American people’s mentality. Government’s politics of making communists the biggest enemy possible made peopl e scared of another nuclear war: they were convinced that the threat of Soviet invasion and communists’ occupation would fade the society. So the anti-communists information was widespread everywhere, and American culture acquired another feature of eternal national enemy from without existence, which lately led to the War on Terror emergence. Even though the pattern of the American Way of life was developing sweepingly, it was not available for all segments of society, racial discrimination still existed. And black people understood that the time for changes had come, so massive protest actions stirred up the entire country. Under the Martin Luther King’s leadership black people achieved recognition of their rights, which in fact was the impetus of great liberal changes in the American society. Lately, when American society was totally outraged with Lyndon Johnson’s support of the Vietnam Civil War American youth initiated protests; in addition, young people, w ho had returned from the war, definitely were

Legislations health and social care Essay Example for Free

Legislations health and social care Essay Health and safety: It’s important for everyone to be in a safe environment so they can do daily tasks without feeling scared and uncomfortable of something will happen to them for certain so that’s why in every health care setting the health and safety at work act 1974 has been introduced so they can safe guard vulnerable patients in their care. Providers in health care settings need to provide some of the following services to ensure that the service users and the employees themselves are safe when working for example: They need to provide and maintain safety when using equipment’s Provide a safe place of employment Ensure equipment is used safely, stored and delivered from one place to another. Provide a safe place to feel safe and welcomed at all times Look after the health and safety of others. Food standard regulation: The food standard regulation is one of the most important legislation in a health care setting because most hospitals, care homes, schools etc all serve food and it needs to be in a good standard for the service users to eat it without becoming violently ill for example poor hygiene can result to abnormality of different foods compared to the others which can make the person ill. For the service uses to eat without becoming ill this legislations helps guide the workers to do some of the following The controls include: Premises are clean and in a good state of repair Good drainage, lighting and ventilation Sufficient waste disposal facilities Toilet facilities for staff Equipment is in good condition and kept clean Also another guideline they should follow would be the temperature of the food needs to be monitored in order for the food to be served without any  complications and here is the temperature guideline for the foods being stored in specific places: It is an offence to allow food to be kept at temperatures that would cause a risk to health, so you must make sure foods that need temperature control are kept at the right temperature. Foods that need to be kept hot should be kept at 63 °C or above Foods that need to be kept cold should be kept at 8 °C or below (preferably at 5 °C or below) Foods that need to be kept frozen should be kept between -18 °C to -24 °C Manual handling regulations Manual handling regulations is a legislation that was introduced in 1992 for the safety of the people who handle equipment for example people who work in an industry will carry equipment’s and for that reason this legislation was introduced so the people can handle equipment safely without injuring themselves. It was found by a survey that 3 out of 5 people suffered a common injury known as musculoskeletal injury which caused many people to hurt themselves badly and some still haven’t recovered from it. This legislation avoids people lifting something that their body is unable to do, also avoids hazardous manual handling. This is what the employees follow: Use equipment safely according to instructions and training, immediately reporting any defects to their line manager/supervisors. Check each item of manual handling equipment is in safe working order before use

Interbrand Brand Valuation

Interbrand Brand Valuation The Interbrand method is extremely popular for valuation of brands and has been adopted in several practical purposes such as brand valuation of various food-related and beverage brands such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Kelloggs, Cadbury, Wrigleys and Nestle. This method majorly discusses about the extra earnings an associated brand can generate for a company or companies over a considerable period of time. The brand value is then calculated to be the present value of these discounted additional earnings which the brand generates. The method indicates the need for choosing the target markets by segmentation of the markets through various parameters such as geographic, demographic and psychographic variables. After analysing the markets and performing a proper financial analysis in the form of estimated revenues, units of sales, associated costs and forecasts, we need to analyse what are the demand drivers of the brand. For example, in this case of evaluating the Kingfisher brand, some of the parameters of demand drivers would be related to the level of need of the brand, the elasticity of pricing the brand, the number of competitors and substitutes in a given geographical region, etc. A competitive benchmarking analysis is done to recognize the gaps associated with the branding processes and strategies adopted by Kingfisher in comparison to its competitors. Finally, the brand earnings are calculated and the brand discount rate in different specific periods for the relevant time horizon to find the brand value which is the net present value of forecasted brand earnings of Kingfisher. Determination of Kingfisher brands weighted average differential EBIT We will calculate the additional EBIT by using the formula:- Differential EBIT = (EBIT) branded (EBIT) unbranded Where EBIT i.e. Earnings before interest and taxes is the operating profit of the company. It is equal to Net Sales Total Expenditure. In order to calculate the differential EBIT, we have used a similar brewery company in India, called Mount Shivalik Breweries Industries (MSBL), which is a public listed company which has been in existence since 1972. The company is primarily into the business of manufacturing and supplying draught beer in the Union territory of Chandigarh. It caters to both the strong beer segment as well as the mild beer segment, with the flagship brands being Thunderbolt and Golden Peacock. Although, 95% of the beer supplies to the pubs and bars in Chandigarh are being catered from MSBL, it still doesnt match to the brand quality of Kingfisher which is globally recognized. Hence, we have preferred to use MSBL as an unbranded company. Hence, Kingfishers differential EBIT is:- (EBIT) Kingfisher (EBIT) MSBL We have calculated the differential EBIT for the last three fiscals and then the present value has been found out by compounding them with the discount rate used as average inflation rate. The calculations are shown below:- We have taken a conservative approach of considering the brand horizon to be around three years because efforts of brand building like heavy investment in marketing of the brand, R D efforts for inventing new technologies, etc have an effect of at least 3 years after which there is a need for change in business process restructuring. The EBITs are proportionately weighted according to the standard amortizing schedule of 1:2:3, with the most recent year getting the highest weightage of 3. The relevant calculations are shown below:- Average Inflation Rate for the past 3 years = 10.5 % Determination of brand differential earnings The formula for brand differential earnings is given below:- Brand differential earnings = Weighted differential EBIT capital charge Tax The capital charge is estimated by multiplying the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) with the amount of capital employed by the Kingfisher brand (part of United Breweries Limited group). The average WACC is estimated by using a period of past five years and forecasting the data for next five years. The WACC calculation for the United Breweries Limited (UBL) company is shown below:- The Beta for the United Breweries industry has been taken from capital for the years 2005 to 2010. The forecasted years data i.e the beta for years 2011 to 2015 has been estimated by using the 3-year moving average method, wherein the beta for year 2011 is the average of the betas for the preceding three years 2008-2010. Similarly, the D/E ratio for future years has been calculated by using the 3-year moving average method. The cost of equity for each year has been calculated by using the CAPM formula given below:- Ke = Rf + Beta*Market Risk Premium The average WACC is calculated by using the 3-yr moving average method of the forecasted years 2013-2015. The calculations are shown below:- The brand differential earnings calculations are shown below:- Determination of Brand Strength and Brand Multiplier The assessment of brand strength takes into account the following factors:- Leadership ability to influence the market Stability ability to maintain a consumer franchise Market vulnerability of market demand to changes in tastes or technology International Scope cross national/cultural potential Trend long term appeal to consumers Support strength of communications Protection security of the brand owners legal or property rights The greater is the brand strength of a company, the higher is its associated brand multiple. Typically, brand multiple ranges from 6 to 20. We have tried to quantify the factors of brand strength by relating each factor with the quantifiable variables related to the operational performance of the UBL company in general and the Kingfisher brand specifically. They are shown below:- Leadership factor of the brand can be estimated by looking at the market share, net profit margin (NPM) it generates, market capitalization (Mkt. Cap.), and investor returns (ROE), estimated revenue growth (Rev. CAGR) and estimated profit growth (NP. CAGR) over the years. Stability factor can be measured by the volatility of the net profit margin (NP Var%) of the Kingfisher brand over the years We have compared the Kingfisher brand to its top ten competitors in the breweries industry and hence we did not incorporate any distinguishing factor of the brand in terms of distinct market conditions. International scope of the brand can be measured by the level of exports it generates The Trend factor of Kingfisher brand or any brand in general can be estimated by correlating with the change in return on assets. Typically, return on assets would be higher for high-quality assets. Brands tend to perform better with quality assets available for production, sales and marketing and consistent research and development. The level of Support for a brand would be reflected by additional investments to maintain the goodwill of the brand. The brands Protection could be quantified by analysing its threats against acquisition, bankruptcy and other financial distress costs related to management. The most efficient measure we could use to quantify the protection is interest coverage ratio (ICR). We have assumed that all the above seven parameters have an equal weight to the brand strength of Kingfisher, except the market factor which we have taken as zero. Brand Strength = Leadership + Stability + Market + Internationality + Trend + Support + Protection The operational performance of the top seven companies (current data available for seven companies only) of the breweries industry in India has been compared to that of Kingfisher in order to estimate the brand strength of Kingfisher. The relevant data has been extracted from Capitaline. The columns highlighted in yellow contain negative values and needs to be normalized as shown by the data below. The remaining columns have already been normalized. The seven companies have been ranked from top to bottom on the basis of market share they hold which is equal to company net sales as a percentage of industry net sales. Similarly market capitalization has been normalized as a percentage of total industry market capitalization. Export revenues and S A (Selling and Administration) expenses are a percentage of the total net revenues and total expenses of the company respectively. The Revenue CAGR and NP. CAGR are calculated by averaging the growth rates of revenues and net profit respective ly for the past three years i.e. 2008-2010. The columns in yellow are normalized by the process of assigning highest weights to the maximum value and assigning lowest weights to the minimum value. For example, in order to normalize the net profit margin (NPM), we have assigned a weight of 6 to Globus Spirits followed by a 5 to Mount Shivalik and finally going on assigning weights of 4, 3, 2 and 1 in the descending order to the remaining companies with a weight of 0 being assigned to SKOL Breweries, which has the minimum NPM of -10.39. All the other negative values are also given weights ranging from 0 to 1 depending on their proportion i.e. a higher negative value of -3.93 would be given a lower weight of say 0.1 compared to a lower negative value of -2.54 which would be given a weight of say 0.5. The method of assigning weights to negative values has been purely done on a subjective basis and there is scope of further improvements. The other columns have also been normalized in the same fashion. The normalized table is shown in the next page:- We can now calculate the consolidated brand strength based on the measured values of the quantifiable variables which relates to the seven factors responsible for brand strength. The consolidated values of each of the seven factors are shown in the next page below. The brand strength factors such as leadership and trend which are measured by more than one quantifying variables are consolidated and then the average of the consolidated value is taken to reflect the corresponding factor. This is shown in the next page. The next step which we need to incorporate is to find out the relationship between brand strength and brand multiplier. The Interbrand S-curve is shown below. The S-curve function is approximated using a sigmoid function wherein we have the relation, brand multiplier = f (brand strength). From the paper Valuation of Brands and Intellectual Capital written by Pablo Fernandez, we have estimated the brand multiple of Kingfisher brand by interpolating its corresponding brand strength using the source as the four values of brand strength and corresponding brand multiples mentioned in the paper. From the S-curve above, we can roughly estimate that the brand multiple for a brand strength of 1 would be equal to 0.7. A brand strength of 38 has a brand multiple of 6.3 as shown in the table beside. Hence, the brand multiple of Kingfisher brand for a brand strength of 16.63 % would be equivalent to:- Brand multiple = 0.7 + {(6.3 0.7)/ (38-1)}*16.63 = 3.217 Hence brand value of Kingfisher brand is estimated to be equal to:- Brand Value of Kingfisher = brand multiple*Kingfisher brand differential earnings = 3.217*72.87 = 234.42 crores Royalty Relief Brand Valuation Method This method is one of the most efficient methods currently used for brand valuation as per industry practises. In this approach, a royalty rate is estimated by the brand owner/licensor, which needs to be paid by the third party/licensee for using the brand defined under the guidelines of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) usage. The brand value would then be determined by the present value of the royalty stream after taxes. The methodology used in the royalty savings method or the royalty relief method comprises of the following steps:- Estimate the branded net sales for the planning horizon (generally three to five years) Determine a reasonable royalty rate that the two unrelated parties would have set for the transfer of comparable brands in an arms length transaction Multiply the estimated royalty rate by the projected sales of the brand over its economic life. The result represents annual royalty savings Apply a fiscal charge in each period to estimate the after-tax royalty savings for each Estimate the brands perpetual growth rate, economic useful life and discount rate Discount the royalty stream after taxes at present value The royalty rate used for estimating the future royalty streams in the planning horizon, depends on several factors. They are:- The brand strength The duration and termination provisions of the agreement The licenses exclusivity The parties negotiating power The products life cycle The local market conditions, particularly the margins earned in the local market The level of operating margin or licensees sales. Generally, the 25% rule and the 5% rule are associated with this factor. The 25% rule states that the royalty rate is estimated to be 25% of the operating profit of the licensees sales whereas the 5% rule states that the royalty rate is estimated to be 5% of sales. We have tried to estimate the royalty rate by comparing with the brand strength we obtained from the Interbrand brand valuation method. The relationship table between brand strength / brand scores between 0-100 and royalty rates has been taken from a paper whose source is mentioned below the table:- The formula for calculating the royalty rate for brand strength of 16.63 from the above table is shown below. It is a basic method of interpolation. Royalty rate = 1.0 + {(7.0 1.0) / (50 0)}*16.63 = 2.996 % of net sales We have assumed that the economic life of a brand is approximately around three years after which the branding of the product (in this case Kingfisher) needs to be changed in the form of better RD efforts, operational excellence, advanced innovative campaigns, etc. The calculations of brand value using the royalty rate method is shown below:- Thus, using the royalty relief method we see that the brand value of Kingfisher is 224.52 crores which is almost equal to the brand value we have obtained from the Interbrand brand valuation method. Here we have assumed that the economic life of the Kingfisher brand is 3 years. Its a subjective assumption; however the assumption is based on the industry practises of brand valuation methodologies used.

Orthodox Society :: essays research papers

By insisting on complete orthodoxy is society only hurting itself? I believe when a society demands orthodoxy it is asking for problems. Orthodoxy to a small extent can be helpful to society, but when it is required by the people, and they demand it to the fullest it can do nothing but cause problems. There is many reasons whey complete orthodoxy only hurts society. First off, it greatly diminishes all forms of creativity among the people and doesn’t allow for new ideas that can help benefit society. It also reduces the overall intelligence of the people. When it comes to orthodoxy and religion, it can weaken the quality of worship and the person’s relationship with God. In general, orthodoxy in a way sets limits to progress and development of society and doesn’t allow new ideas to become accepted or acknowledged. Orthodoxy is defined as what is traditional or the established faith in society. It is following what is the commonly accepted, customs and beliefs. The one thing that orthodoxy almost completely wipes out and discourages is creativity and new ideas that can be beneficial to society. Only traditional beliefs are accepted in an orthodox society. So even if a brilliant idea is introduced, it won’t be accepted just because it is new and different. The rate of progress among orthodox society is slowed greatly because of this. If we never accepted new ideas or anything not of the traditional beliefs, we would not be even close to where we are today. Our knowledge of life in general would be nothing like it is today. We are where we are today because of people who came up with new and crazy ideas. All of the great intellectuals were anything but orthodox in their beliefs. Many people who have helped society the most by new ideas and inventions were looked at as crazy during their li fetime. If we are accepting of new ideas it is the only way we are going to progress. Complete orthodoxy also lowers our intelligence and acceptance of other people. When someone is only taught one way to do things, they are not educated of other ways of life. No one can truly be considered educated if they have only been taught one side of the story. Imagine if we were taught all our life that blacks or Mexicans are bad, and no other belief was accepted.

Administrative research paper

Operational efficacy in any institution is essential to the success of the organizational goals and objectives. Healthcare institutions encounter an increasing challenge in proper utilization of resources, improving care and lowering costs. The reduction of bottlenecks and the implementation of solutions that facilitate efficient elucidations to major challenges allow any business to prosper. However, In Long term acute care (LATA) hospital facilities for seniors, the assertion Is easier said than done.Successful action management is not a ‘one time' event. Our Lady of the Lake demands rational ND accurate decision-making. The capturing, evaluating and improving data is the first phase on the path to prosperity. This research paper examines the fundamental aspects of operational management in an L TACT hospital setting. Our Lady of the Lake is focused on how events will be planned and organized to advertise the hospital and ensure that the community embraces all of the services .Our Lady of The Lake Hospital explores how advertising will be done to increase the publicity of the facility. In conclusion, it explores the purchasing and inventory processes that the Hospital ill need in order for its success. Operation management is focused in dealing with facts to streamline future performance of an organization. Therefore, it is imperative to capitalize on the sizes and accuracy of data collected.The tools that are essential for improving the operation of L TACT are contained in the data collected. The management of the analyzed data is essential in supporting quality decision-making. Inherently, data is determined by the numbers and figures collected. In each series of numbers lies a specific pattern. The recognition of the trends in these series enables one to exploit hem in improving the day-to-day operations of the facility (Russell & Taylor, 2010).The critical phases of ensuring effective operation management in L TACT hospitals include: Setting the obje ctive Identifying the inherent and potential risks Defining success criteria in terms of benchmarks Assessing risks involved in meeting the set success criteria Producing the action plan and setting the timeline Implementing the action plan Monitoring and reviewing the outcomes of the plan The increasingly competitive healthcare industry requires facility management to improve hospital and health systems through the incorporation of innovative operation management strategies utilized in other successful industries such as manufacturing plants and factory floors to get ahead of competition and gain market share through the provision of high quality health services. The Kamikaze Technique will be utilized to ensure success in the facility. The technique is widely and successfully used in the manufacturing industry.The approach will comprise of the analysis of the client's experience from start to finish. This will be a continuous process where relevant and appropriate alterations will be initiated to improve all service aspects. The process starts from the design of the facility, through the organization of surgical supplies and planning of Mrs., to the movement of clients. As the operations gradually improve, the facility will save 3. 5 percent per patient annually. The efficacy improvements will enable the hospital serve 40 percent more clients in the next five years. The move will allow the company to circumvent more than $30 million in capital expenditure.Therefore positioning the hospital to have sufficient funds for further expansion. Planning and organizing events New businesses require marketing regarding their existence, the offering of alternatives, improved services compared to the existing ones and consumer awareness. Community events are among the events that have previously proved successful in engaging the community to ensure that they can identify with an organization. The events that involve patients and their family members are essential in dem onstrating the potential of a L TACT facility. Considering that Our Lady of the Lake hospital in this research paper is new, it is essential to demonstrate to the public the potential of the services and the staff.Initially, in order to reach a wide customer base, the hospital will engage the services of an advertising agency to forums for adults where they can freely interact with the hospital staff. The marketing department will use the opportunity to promote the services offered by the facility. For children, the events will include plays that will keep them engaged as the adults are given information about the hospital and the new services that will be offered. It is imperative to develop a strategy that will ensure attracting a huge customer base. In this regard, the hospital will offer free long-term service for the first three patients in each of these events.Others that will attend the events will be given free one-time service and consequently requested to make follow-up vi sits to the facility (Punk, 2013). Planning and coordinating advertising for visibility The emergence of many hospitals requires that the institutions invest significantly on advertising to promote the services offered and attract clients. Intrinsically, few hospitals do not advertise their services particularly those that offer services unavailable in other hospitals such as cardiac and neurological services. In financing advertising, hospital managements require implementing a variety of best raciest to ensure the success of the strategy (Russell & Taylor, 2010).These strategies will be utilized to ensure the success of the L TACT facility. The facility will embrace retail advertising. This strategy requires taking the promotions to where the potential clients are located. Prior to camping in these locations, the hospital will place adverts in the local newsprint, social media, bill boards and television. The adverts will only be meant to catch the attention of the public about a forthcoming exhibition in selected shopping malls building one on one relationships with community members. The actual demonstrations will be inducted in the exhibition stands in a variety of the selected shopping malls, parks and streets.The approach will allow clients see the available products while marketing staff will explain the services, and the physicians and clinical officers will answer questions (Carcinoma, 2013). The marketing division will target holidays and condition-cognizance months to promote the technology, services and medical staff. The holiday-based promotion is projected to expand. The hospital will therefore have the opportunity to engage clients, relatives and medical staff in a constructive way. At the same time, the managements will attract media coverage. Considering the wide target market, the management will require increasing the marketing manpower (Moan, Kumar & Superhumanly, 2013). Additionally, it is imperative to be discriminatory when selecting th e advertising and promotion efforts.For instance, it is economical to label the pharmacy bags of the hospital. Passersby are likely to notice the hospital's logo on the bag when carried by a patient. They will become inquisitive about the new hospital in their backyard and people tend to remember images the more they see them. To properly encode a memory, you must first be paying attention. Since you cannot pay attention to everything all the time, most of what you encounter every day is simply filtered out, and only a few stimuli pass into your conscious awareness. Purchasing and inventory The first step towards the effective operational management is the purchase of of processing devices and servers.The Health Information Technology (HIT) will cater to the rest of the software to run an efficient operational management system. There is a wide range of inventory materials that require to be purchased for maintaining patients' records. However, considering the contemporary level of technological advancements, it is imperative to embrace emerging technologies to ensure competitiveness in the healthcare industry. Among the technologies that will be utilized in the facility to facilitate operational management include Electronic Health Records (ERR), Electronic Medical Records (EMMER), Personal Health Records (PAR) and Health Information Technology (HIT). To successfully purchase and implement the technologies, there will be a process involving the mapping of chart data.This process aligns contemporary used data components with the features of the ERR. In order to maximize the reimbursements of the HIT, the conversion process will be leaned and the workflow will be reviewed to establish any opportunities for improving the processes. The digitizing of all the hospital records will simplify and prompt access of any information that facilitate the efficient delivery of services. These technologies will be integrated with accounting packages that will enable the eval uation of the hospital's financial performance while reflecting the impact of other technologies aimed at streamlining service delivery (Russell & Taylor, 2010).The Arena BOOM Control assists organizations in managing bills of materials (MM). It also helps in controlling the equines change process while sharing product and service information with suppliers and providers. Using such a strategy in the L TACT facility will ensure that the right products are generated, patients get the right service, schedules are met and costs are controlled. Implementing solutions using an operational lens, the facility will receive extra- and well-earned-visibility in addition to the attention received through advertising. The package is essential for monitoring resource utilization. References Carcinoma, A. (2013). Strategies for hospital advertising success.

A Rose for Emily: Demonstrate of Homer as the Victim Essay

Emily is clearly a villain in the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Although much of her character came from her father’s abuse, she remains responsible for her actions. In the story, Emily is obsessed with avoiding change. She is a symbol of the old South, and clearly represents the few traditionalists following the Civil War. The traditionalists are clearly the villains in the South, because they will not let go of the negative past of slavery, as Emily is in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, because she will not let go of her negative past. She refuses to let go of the changes she is faced with, for example the death of her father and the idea of not being with Homer forever bring her to unleash her inner anger. Consequently, due to her lack of allowing change, she develops villain behaviors. Her lack of wanting change does not call for her insane actions, nor make her a victim. Emily knows that Homer will not marry her; therefore she turns to killing him so that she can be with him forever. She refuses to let him go, which makes her only a victim of herself, thus a villain. The murder was undoubtedly premeditated because she planned the death of Homer by going to the store to purchase arsenic. When the pharmacists asked her what it was for, she refused to tell. If she was a victim she would not have a problem explaining the circumstances. Since she did not tell she knew that what she was doing was wrong, which makes her a villain. Emily uses the death of Homer for her own pleasure. She believes that trapping his dead body, as well as her father’s dead body will ease her loneliness. This selfish act shows she has no concern for others. This, again, demonstrates that Homer is the only victim in this story.

Internal Control Requirements for Publicly Traded Companies

In a meeting last week, the president of LJB expressed interest of going public in the near future and asked us about the internal control requirements for such action. To become publicly listed, LJB must follow the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), which requires all US publicly traded companies to maintain an adequate system of internal control. Under SOX Section 404, a company must report on internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report. Four key elements must be included in this report (Smith, Ledyard;): 1. Statement of responsibility by the company management (CEO and CFO) for establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control structure and procedure for financial reporting. 2. Statement identifying the framework used by management to evaluate the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. 3. Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting. 4. Attestation by the company’s external auditor on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. As the president of LJB, he and other executives and board of directors must ensure that the internal controls are reliable and effective. In addition, he must hire independent outside auditors to attest to the adequacy of the internal control system. LJB’s Proper Internal Controls To beco me publicly listed, LJB must ensure and maintain an adequate and effective internal control system. After evaluating LJB’s current internal controls, I have found several positive acts. First, the accountant of LJB has recently started to use prenumbered invoices, which I believe to be a right decision because all companies, including LJB, should establish proper documentation procedures. LJB should document transactions and events when they occur. The use of prenumbered invoices can help to prevent a transaction from being recorded more than once, or conversely, from not being recorded at all (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 341). In addition, an effective internal control system should require that all source documents be promptly forwarded to the accounting department for accounting entries; this helps to ensure timely recording of the transactions and contributes directly to the accuracy and reliability of the accounting records (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 341). So when the accountant has asked for buying an indelible ink machine to print checks, I believe it will be a wise and necessary purchase. Second, the accountant does a good job of moving all checks into a safe in his office during weekends. This is in compliance with physical controls, which relate to the safeguarding of assets and enhance the accuracy and reliability of the accounting records (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 342). By moving the checks into the safe, they are secured during nonbusiness hours and not accessible to no one, this prevents potential fraud and theft. LJB’s Improper Internal Controls On the other hand, there are several other controls which LJB is not doing properly. First, the accountant is now serving two roles as both treasurer and controller. This is a violation of segregation of duties. Different individuals should be responsible for related activities, however, the accountant is responsible for both supply purchases and payments for these purchases, and this increases the potential for errors and irregularities (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 339). Since the accountant can make orders of supplies without supervisory approval, he may be tempted to receive kickbacks from suppliers (not saying he will); he may authorize payments for fictitious invoices since he also has payment authorization. Moreover, the accountant should not be responsible for both receiving checks and completing monthly bank reconciliations, because since he is the person who handles record keeping for LJB, he should be neither responsible for physical custody of the received checks (which are basically cash) nor have access to them (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 340). Both vacancies of segregation of related activities and segregation of record-keeping from physical custody controls leave a great potential of fraud for LJB, not mentioning there is a lack of independent internal verification (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 343). Second, LJB is missing control over its petty cash. If all employees have access to petty cash, it is a violation of establishment of responsibility (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, pp. 338-339). In addition, not only no one is responsible for the petty cash, employees who use the money are only asked to leave a note, this violates the documentation procedures controls. Third, the firing incident indicates LJB is doing poorly on three controls: human resource controls (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 344), physical controls, and establishment of responsibility. LJB did not conduct a thorough background check on the convicted employee. If a thorough background check was performed LJB should had found out that this person was convicted guilty and served time for molesting children. Also, since LJB does not assign individual passwords to employees, it was no surprise that it had difficulty getting the convicted employee’s confession of viewing pornography on company computer. Last, the accountant should not be engaged in interviewing and approving new hires, since he is already responsible for other tasks. Instead, the human resources department should be involved in the hiring process, along with the president. Recommendations for Improvement These poor internal controls indicate LJB’s vulnerability to frauds, which not only serve as threats to LJB but also hinder the company’s capability of going public. Nevertheless, actions can be taken to fix such flaws. First of all, LJB should assign different individuals to handle supply purchase and payment tasks. If the accountant is responsible for making orders of supplies, he should receive approvals for these purchases, and should not be granted payment authorization. If he authorizes payments, he should not be made responsible for purchasing supplies. Also, since he prepares bank reconciliations, he should not have custody of the received checks; a different individual should be assigned for such task. In addition, for enhanced security, LJB can assign another employee who is independent of the personnel responsible for the activities to conduct independent internal verification. He/she can compare the payment checks to invoices; he/she can also compare total receipts to bank deposits on a monthly basis to see if there is reconciliation between the cash balance per books and the cash balance per bank. If there is any discrepancy, he/she can report to the management immediately for corrective action (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, pp. 343-344). Secondary, LJB needs to set up a petty cash fund (not sure one is existed currently) and appoint a custodian who is responsible for such fund. Size of the petty cash fund should be determined, expenditures from the fund should be limited and certain types of transactions should not be permitted from the fund. The custodian of the und should have authority to make payments from petty cash that conform to these prescribed policies (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 367). Also, for documentation purpose, instead of a note from users of the petty cash, each payment from the fund must be documented on a prenumbered petty cash receipt, signatures of both the custodian and the individual who receiving payment must be on the receipt. If other supporting documents such as an invoice are available, they should be attached to the receipt (Kimmel, W eygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 367). Furthermore, internal control over petty cash fund can be strengthened by (1) having a supervisor make surprise counts of the fund to ascertain whether the paid petty cash receipts and fund cash equal the designated amount, and (2) canceling or mutilating the paid petty cash receipts so they cannot be resubmitted for reimbursement (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 369). Lastly, from now on, LJB must conduct thorough background checks on all new hires. Two things can be verified to support the checks: (1) Check to see whether job applicants actually graduated from the schools they list. 2) Never use the telephone numbers for previous employers given on the reference sheet; always look them up (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2011, p. 344). The human resources department should be held responsible for all background checks. In addition, all employees should be assigned individual passwords for signing into company computers, and these passwords should only be known to the individuals who m they are assigned to. LJB may also consider installing an advanced firewall program on computers which prohibits users from logging in external indecent websites.

Harmonious Family Relationships Between Parent and Child Essay - 1

Harmonious Family Relationships Between Parent and Child - Essay Example To recover damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress, a plaintiff must prove that: (1) the defendant acted intentionally or recklessly; (2) the conduct was extreme and outrageous; (3) the actions of the defendant caused the plaintiff emotional distress; and (4) the resulting emotional distress was severe. A Claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress cannot be maintained when the risk that emotional distress will result is merely incidental to the commission of some other tort; accordingly, claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress will not lie if emotional distress is not the intended or primary consequence of the defendant's conduct. Id. The tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress simply has no application when the actor intends to invade some other legally protected interest, even if emotional distress results. Restatement (Second) of Torts,  § 46. Actionable nuisance is divided into three classifications: negligent invasion of another's interests, intentional invasion of another's interests, and other conduct, culpable because abnormal and out of place in its surroundings, that invades another's interests. Personal integrity and includes not only physical invasion of a person's property but also eavesdropping upon private conversations by wiretapping, microphones or spying into windows of a home. Section 822, Restatement, Torts (1939), reads: â€Å"The actor is liable in an action for damages for a non-trespassory invasion of another's interest in the private use and enjoyment of land if, (a) the other has property rights and privileges in respect to the use or enjoyment interfered with.

Challenges and complexities faced by the expatriate manager when Essay

Challenges and complexities faced by the expatriate manager when managing across cultures - Essay Example Here it is time to mention that globalization brought a lot of difficulties together with opportunities, as diversity at the workplace demands new approaches to be used in human resource management. Nowadays much attention is paid to challenges and complexities faced by the expatriate manager when managing across culture. The issue is worth-discussing, thus the given paper is devoted to discussion of the main problems the manager may face and the strategies, which can be used to help him. The paper will prove that correct management and the awareness about the cultural peculiarities can help managing across culture. The movie â€Å"Outsourced† will be used as a case study to analyze the issue. It is not an easy task to manage across cultures. However, proper human resource management can help (Spataro, 2005). Correct management can help the company define beneficial approaches and find its place at the market. It is necessary each member of the company should understand his/he r functions and significance. In the modern world the organizations are anxious about the diversity issue at the workplace. The main task of the managers is to create the best environment for work, which should be based on the confidence and respect. The organization should not only take care about the working environment but also value workers’ rights. ... Global companies are beneficial for workers, as they can communicate with the representatives of other cultures; it is favorable for them in terms of developing their communicative skills and broadening the outlook. â€Å"When an organization acknowledges differences among its workforce, it can manage its employees in such a way as to create harmony in work practices and higher standards of cooperation. First, it is about understanding differences in these characteristics within an organization, and second it is about acknowledging these differences. And last, it is about developing work practices to create an inclusive environment† (McLauren). Undoubtedly, many problems can arise. One of such problem is cultural shock and difficulties in communication (Rowden, 2000). In the movie â€Å"Outsourced† Todd faced a problem of diversity. Diversity is the synonym to the word â€Å"difference†. In the modern world this term acquires much wider meaning as it is commonly used to define the workers of the company, who are different and possess unique qualities (Spreitzer, 2007). Such differences demand corresponding changes the way the company is managed. These changes are essential as the diversity creates many problems, which need to be resolved by the manager in to work successfully. In the movie â€Å"Outsourced† Todd has to manage people with quite different cultural views and first of all he has to tolerate the differences that is not an easy task. Here it is essential to mention the world â€Å"tolerance†. This term is applied to multinational companies and as a rule it has a negative meaning. The trouble is that in such staffs the employees tend not to respect each other, but rather to tolerate, because of

Community nursing practicum on heroin in the county of Philadelphia pa Research Paper

Community nursing practicum on heroin in the county of Philadelphia pa - Research Paper Example Philadelphia consolidated city-county covers an area of about 141.6 Square Miles or 367 km2, with elevation above sea level ranging from 5 feet to 431 feet or 120 meters. Philadelphia is a great commercial and industrial center which makes it the largest city in Pennsylvania. This is possible due to accessibility to raw materials, close proximity to the large North eastern market, and excellent transport facilities. According to World Population Review (2014), the population of Philadelphia as at 2013 was about 1,556,600 and a density of 11, 379.6 people per square mile contributed by the county’s fast-growing population over the last few years. The World Population Review (2014) defines Philadelphia as having a mixed racial composition comprising of whites, African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, other race, Hispanic, and native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders. The African Americans form about 43.4% of the area population followed by White ate 41.0% and Hispanics at 12.3% . All other races constitute of a percentage less than 10%. For the county’s age population, less than 18 years comprised of 22.5%, 18-25 years were 13.3%, 25-44 years at 28.5%, 45-64 years at 23.5%, and 65 years and over were 12.2% as of 2010 population census. The physical environment at Philadelphia is characterized by far-reaching parks, outdoor activities for all ages, and community centers for recreation and relaxation. The most outstanding park is Fairmount Park that is about 9,200 acres characterized by golf courses, picnic sites, outdoor courts, and athletic fields all of which work towards sustaining an active, sporty, and relaxed population. The population of Philadelphia is aging and increasingly getting diverse in terms of race, income, ethnicity, health status, educational background, and original nationality. Although substantive progress in lowering substance abuse has been achieved, mid- and behavior-changing substances are still in use tolling the health of individuals,

Career Management Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career Management Plan - Assignment Example My Career management Plan sets the timeline for achieving this objective by 30th January 2017. While this may be quite an ambitious goal especially when looking at the timeline, my passion for this career path propped by my personality and academic background would play a pivotal role in safeguarding the achievement of the goal. With a thirteen years’ experience and training in animal control, animal handling, animal control code enforcement and supervision, it is imminent that I have the requisite skills, abilities and knowledge for the job. However, this does not undermine the fact that more learning and experience in varied capacities is required to achieve my career objective. Nevertheless, in my 13 years’ experience, I have found out that I derive immeasurable satisfaction in enforcing the provisions of all the applicable ordinances, laws, codes and regulations pertaining to animal control as well as initiating the necessary actions in order to correct violations a nd deviations. My passion for overseeing the compliance of animal control regulations has informed my desire and goal of being a Chief Animal Control Officer by the end of January 2017. Interim Goals My career plan, goals, and objectives are set upon a number of interim goals. The interim goals aid in the pursuit of my career aim of becoming a Chief Animal Control Officer. In essence, my first interim career goal is to possess and maintain a valid Animal Control Enforcement Certification from my state. This will aid in attaining the necessary requirement in my department for becoming a Chief Animal Control Officer. In addition, it would set me on the right path of my career by differentiating my roles in line with the career. My second interim goal would be possession and maintenance of a valid Euthanasia Certification. With this certification, the roles and responsibilities that will be assigned even in my current position will be more in line with my career. My third interim goal is to obtain and maintain a valid Chemical Immobilization Certification from the Drug Enforcement Agency. This is not only a requirement in my Department for anyone who aims at [performing duties and responsibilities in animal control field, but also complements my two previous goals. My fourth interim objective is to play a greater role in the supervision and motivation of subordinates. This interim goal aims at outlining my initiative and passion as an individual in safeguarding quality service provision in the department. In essence, this will be combined with training my subordinates on the various aspects of the animal control field. This would allow for the growth of more enhanced interaction and communication skills necessary in my career as Chief Animal Control Officer. My fifth interim objective is to gain experience as Animal Control Officer in line with the basic animal control course taken. This is in line with obtaining a driver’s license which would enhance my c apacity to execute my duties and responsibilities as Chief Animal Control Officer. In essence, this is the initial step taken by individuals who aim at becoming a Chief Animal Control Officer. Resources Needed There are variations as to the resources required to meet the interim goals, as well as the ultimate goal. The first interim goal will require that I relocate to West Virginia