Reflection Of Hinduism - 991 Words

Ranjeet Chaudhari FYI-102-12 Dr. Salgado Hinduism Reflection Hinduism is a major world and oldest extant religion with a billion followers which started in the Indian subcontinent. It has a variety of systems of philosophy, belief, and ritual, characterized by the belief in reincarnation one absolute being of multiple manifestations, the law of cause and effect, following the path of righteousness, and the desire for liberation from the cycle of births and deaths. Hinduism refers to rich tradition of texts and practices, some of which date back to the second millennium BC or possibly earlier. In the early 21st century, Hinduism had nearly one billion adherents worldwide†¦show more content†¦There were various images of various Gods and the one I am interested in is God Ganesh. Lord Ganesh is the son of God Shiva and Goddesses Parvati. Lord Ganesh is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon. His image is found throughout India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Nepal. Although he is known by many attributes, Ganes h’s elephant head makes him easy to identify. Ganesh is widely revered as the remover of obstacles, the patron of arts and sciences and the deva (divine, anything of excellence) of intellect and wisdom. As the god of beginnings, he is honored at the state of rites and ceremonies. Ganesh is a popular figure in Indian art. Unlike other deities, representations of Ganesh show wide variations and distinct patterns changing over time. God Ganesh may be portrayed standing, dancing, heroically taking action against demons, playing with his family as a boy, sitting down or on an elevated seat, or engaging in a range of contemporary situations. At the Quad City Hindu temple, the image of Lord Ganesh is in a sitting position. The image of God Ganesh at the Quad City Hindu temple is represented as follows: Ganesh has the head of an elephant and a big belly. He has four arms, which is common in depictions of Ganesh. Lord Ganesh has weapons, flowers,Show MoreRelatedHinduism Temple Visit Personal Experience Reflection2956 Words   |  12 PagesHinduism is a religion of religions; it is one of the first as we know it. It isnt just a religion however, it is a way of life. A culture that India has been known for having. I have discovered that Hinduism is so much more than a religion or a culture. As a matter of fact it is a way of being; a way of life. Hinduism has been a journey for me and it all came alive through the need to write this paper. When I first met up with my host, Devi, I noticed her garments right away. She had herRead MoreAn Interview With Tashi Buddha And Tanya873 Words   |  4 Pagesis a wife, a mother and a human resources for Pergo who lives in Henderson, NC. She is a devotee of the goddess sharada. 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Radhika Ramesh and Raje Sathasivam both stated they attend Hindu rituals because it helps them to connect with their religion and their community; most of the devotees can converse in Indian language and connectRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism : Diversity And World Cultures1021 Words   |  5 Pages Analyzing Religions Stephanie Bates Argosy University Diversity and World Cultures | HUM215 G02 Gerald Willis 8/12/2015 Introduction I have chosen Hinduism and Buddhism as the two religions for this assignment. With religion being such an intricate part of many cultures, I found these religions most interesting due to their similarity. Both of these religions originated in the subcontinent of India, these religions have had an awkward relationship thatRead MoreEssay on The Unique Hindu Gods876 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism is a very old and traditional Indian religion that dates back to sacred texts written between 900 and 400 BCE. 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Literature, especially Indian, has its crux implanted in the Hindu beliefs and ideas as the Indian way of life is the Hindu way. The essay basically focuses on the way Hinduism has crept into literary writings. It brings out the ways in which Hindu beliefs and ideas find

Cell Phones in the Classroom Policy, Advantages, ...

Introduction Electronic devices, particularly cellular phones have become a mainstay in our society. Cell phones and other forms of hand-held digital technology have made their way into the classroom and has become a common accessory among high school and middle school students. By the time a student is in middle school, it is likely that they already own a cell phone and carry it with them wherever they go (Lucking, Edwin Mervyn, 2010). As the technological capabilities of these hand held devices increase and the upsurge of their popularity continues, educators race to establish protocol for their use at school (Charles, 2012). These policies range from very loose guidelines to zero tolerance. As educators seek to†¦show more content†¦The nature of the â€Å"digital native† suggests that the cellular devices are already in the classroom. Research indicates that students are savvier than their teachers at using mobile technology and considering that t he cell phone has become the technology tool of choice, using it for academic purposes is one way for the â€Å"digital immigrant† to meet the needs of the today’s student (Irina, 2012). â€Å" Each year, the computing power of these mobile devices grows, the library of apps and software they can run expands, and the networks that tie them together get wider and faster† (Lucking, Edwin Mervyn, 2010). The popularity of the cell phone and its wide range of uses almost guarantee that it will become a classroom mainstay along with computers, whiteboards, and the internet (Lucking, Edwin Mervyn, 2010). Opening the classroom to the use of this type of technology also leaves all of the capabilities of the device at the disposal of those who use them. Considering that the capabilities of these devices can lead to activities deemed inappropriate for the classroom, it has become necessary to establish policies regarding their use. Existing Policy One of the more difficult rules to negotiate in schools is that of appropriate use of technological devices, particularly mobile devices such asShow MoreRelatedShould Cell Phone Use Be Allowed in Schools?986 Words   |  4 Pagesdebate and discussion has been student cell phone use. Are they helpful or useless? Should they be allowed or not? No school has really found the answer to these questions yet. Many believe that phones are just too distracting for students, but on the contrary, cellphones are beneficial to students if not the entire school when used in agreement with the school’s technology policies, assuming these policies are well-thought-out. 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Century Poetry In Resisting Nationalism Essay Example For Students

Century Poetry In Resisting Nationalism Essay On the other hand, the fall of Leonia power and the rise of new nations began a new phase in human history; the post -colonial search for definitions and identities. Neither the World Wars nor the decentralization of nations were singular, one-time events, they kick-started long, difficult chains of socio-political change that were marked by events like Liberation Wars, Civil Wars, Communist Movements and the Cold War. Thus the 20th century witnessed not only independent events, but the beginning itself of a process of redefinition. If the events like the birth of new nations and the World War realigned he map of world politics, then the process they began was one of reconciliation. Over the last 120 years or so, reformers and thinkers have tried to reconcile three basic sets of contradictions or oppositions; that between the East and the West, that between the past and the present, and that between tradition and modernity. For some, the contradictions overlap, for others they are orthogonal. To many, traditions and the past seem synonymous, while to others, surrounded by traditions, they are very much a part of modernity, of the present. Amidst these oppositions (and moieties, binaries) of many kinds, as in all periods of conflict and searching, we have a rich body of 20th century poetry, representing both the East and the West, the new nations and the old, that try to make sense of changing world around them. In this essay, I shall try and focus on how 20th century poetry confronts and attempts to resist, or at the least critique, one of the most problematic and powerful concepts of this new, changing world; Nationalism. A good place to begin this discussion would be the works of Arbitrating Étagà ¨re (1861-1941), not as a poet, but as perhaps the SST influential socio-political theorist of Mindedness as we understand it. Étagà ¨re was writing extensively on Nationalism, in both his fiction and non-fiction, at a time when the idea of Nationalism was still a vague one at best to the leaders of the Indian freedom movement. Étagà ¨re recognized the need for a national ideology of India as a means of cultural survival and, at the same time, recognized that for the same reason, India would either have to make a break with the post-medieval Western concept of Nationalism or give the concept a new content. For Étagà ¨re, Nationalism itself became gradually illegitimate. As Ashes Andy observes, Over time, he observes in his works, the Indian freedom movement ceased to be an expression of only nationalist consolidation; it came to acquire a new stature as a symbol of the universal struggle for political Justice and cultural dignity. Étagà ¨re probably realized that an unseen-critical Indian Nationalism was gradually coming into being, primarily as a response to Western Imperialism, and, like all such responses, shaped by what it sought to respond to. Such a version of Nationalism could not but be limited by its time and origin. Etageres fear of nationalism, then, ere out of his experience of the record of anti-imperialism in India, and he attempted to link his concept of Mindedness with his understanding of the multi- cultural Indian civilization rather than a clinically defined Indian nation. As Andy puts it, did not want his society to be caught in a situation where the idea of the Indian nation would supersede that of the Indict civilization and lifestyle, where the actual lives of Indians would be assessed solely in terms of the needs of an imaginary nation-state called India. What was Etageres starting point in this matter of Nationalism against civilization? Does this relate only to colonial India, or will the analysis hold true even for an independent society ruled by its own nation-state, either created by the fall of colonial control or simply realigned by the impact of the World War? A post-World War I Germany, for instance, was in need of redefinition and reconciliation of immensely problematic socio-political binaries as much as a post- liberation East Pakistan, as marked by the rise and success of Doll Hitler in Germany, and on the Bash Andiron and subsequent Liberation War of Bangladesh, 1971. Étagà ¨re addresses these issues of change and reconciliation of the society estranged from civilization by ideas of Nationalism in his brief essay Nationalism (1917), where he does not focus on India alone, but comments on the general nature of the nation-state itself. Étagà ¨re distinguishes between governments by kings and human races (his term for civilizations) and governments by nations (his term for nation-states). He explicitly generalizes his critique of Nationalism by saying that government by the Nation is neither British nor anything else; it is an applied science. It is universal, impersonal, and for that reason completely effective. In his defense of the traditional civilization against modern nationalism, Étagà ¨re says, l am quite sure in those days (pre-colonial era) we had things that were extremely distasteful to us. But we know that when we walk barefooted upon ground strewn with gravel, our feet come gradually to adjust themselves to the caprices o f the inhospitable earth; while if the tiniest particle of gravel finds its lodgment inside our shoes, we can never forget and forgive its intrusion. These shoes are the Nation; they are tight, they regulate our steps with a closed-up system, within which our feet have only the slightest liberty to make their wan adjustments. Therefore, when you produce statistics to compare the number of gravels which our feet had to encounter in the former days with the paucity of the present regime, you hardly touch the real point The Nation forges its iron chains of organization which are the most relentless and unbreakable that have ever been manufactured in the whole history of man. Étagà ¨re reminds his non-Lillian audience too, that the dangers of Nationalism are as potent in the European nations as in the colonized Afro-Asian countries. He comments, Not merely the subject races, but you ho live under the delusion that you are free, are every day sacrificing your freedom and humanity to this fetish of Nationalism It is no consolation to us to know that this weakening of humanity is not limited to the subject races, and that its ravage s are more radical because it hypnotizes people into believing that they are free. Early 20th century poetry, specifically those written during the World Wars, demonstrate the acute awareness of this delusion that are free in European and Aimer poets. War Poetry provides a unique and powerful space for poetic creation; the battlefield. Both literally and figuratively, the battlefield acts as the perfect others a margin without any conception of what it is to demarcate, what it is to separate from what other, because the war itself is an act of defining the lines; geopolitical and socio-cultural. Consequently, the field of war makes it possible for poetry to create a new communicative index for ideas of Nationalism that both drive and a defined by the act of war. It often becomes essential for the war poet to critique t partisan nature of Nationalism, because the sense of disillusionment is more pot in someone who has actually served in the war, and it becomes difficult for ideological Nationalism to control their expression of doubts, in this case in the f of poetry. We find a clear articulation of this skepticism in the poetry of Philip Deed Thomas (1878-1917), one of the major Anglo-Welsh war poets during the World W In his poem This Is No Case Of Petty Right Or Wrong, he writes, This is no case of petty right or wrong/That politicians or philosophers/ Can Judge. I hate not Germ nor grow hot/ With love of Englishmen, to please newspapers/ Beside my hate for fat patriot,] My hatred of the Kaiser is love true-I A kind of god he is, banging a g But I have not to choose between the two/ Or between Justice and injustice. Too wrote this poetry after a famous public argument with his own father, a convention patriot who demonic the Germans. His main problem with the strand of Nationalism his father represents is its tendency to reduce any international rival to a binary to black-and-white, the tendency of martial British Nationalism during World War to define itself almost exclusively based on the tethering of the rival. Thomas was a British soldier h imself, and died in service during the Battle of Ear France, 1917. So when he uses poetry as a communicative medium for his understanding of martial, patriotic identity, it is understandably based on person experience of the soldiers life. What Thomas is articulating here is that the solid loyalty is neither unconditional nor a fragmentary concept, it is based on an object understanding of ones own position visa a visa that of an enemy solider; the loyalty the other to his own cause must be considered equivalent to the loyalty of the s Nationalism banks in on the alienation of this self from the other, and nowhere this indoctrination become more visible than in martial training. Ashes Andy, in Illegitimacy of Nationalism: Étagà ¨re and the Politics of Self (1993), explains this attempt to understand the other with reference to the character of Knishes in Etageres Share Bare. Andy says, Knishes believes that God is manifest in one own country and must be worshipped by the same logic, God must be manifest in other countries too, and there is no scope for hatred of them Such a manipulation requires, Étagà ¨re implies, symbols embedded in an exclusivity cultural-religious idiom His form of populism combines mob politics with realities. The patriotic Nationalism that Thomas is finds so acutely disturbing is nothing more than this same populism, this manipulation of a multi-cultural society, utilizing certain common ideas of hatred xenophobia for an external enemy, to unite them in a shallow, brittle conception Nation to be proud of. One might remember, in this context, a much later poem the Bengali poet Shasta Osteopathy (1933-1995) called Dud Shunne d. Addressing the acute awareness to HTH War Poetry provided battlefield Both literally AR d without any con tram what other. Cause and socio-cultural. Consent create a new communication defined by the act of war. I partisan nature of Nation in someone who has actual ideological to to poetry. Eve tint a clear Thomas one o In his poem This Is ND Case petty right our nor grow hot/ love of fat patriot. My hatred of TTT But have not to choose but wrote this poetry after ATA patriot who demounted Nationalism his father rep to d binary to black-and-w World War to denned Itself Thomas USA a British solid understanding of littoral. Experience of the soldiers loyalty is neither uncounted understanding of ones owe the other to ms own cause Nationalism hanks In on this indoctrination. On become Illegitimate_y of Nationalism attempt to understand the Etageres Share Bare Name awn country and must be reevaluates other countries MN ¶connation [of the symbols embedded in an corrosives politics Witt tells so acutely disturbing millionaire off multi-cult xenophobia for an external Untold TA be proud of. On the Bengali poet Shasta Chi idea of the binary, albeit from a more domestic, personal They go two ways, they go two ways/ Nobody goes Just on two lives apart/ Not lose a single one/ Its hard to find some sides/ By walls, running away/ From whatever is not/ All d this game/ My heart is split into two, and they remain/ In actual word is shunts which denotes zero, nothing and he richness of the concept explored here. ) Why this peer a shift to the personal is important (as in Sheaths poem) w we progress. Alasdair Maclean's poem Question and answer and Sonnet 43 by Elizabeth Barret Browning EssayGeorge Orwell (1903-1950) points out this subtle, manipulative nature of Nationalism, inseparable from ideas of power dynamics, in Notes On Nationalism; By nationalism I mean first of all the habit of assuming that human beings can be classified like insects and that whole blocks of millions or tens of millions of people can be confidently labeled good or bad. But secondly -? and this is much more important -? I mean the habit of identifying oneself with a single nation or other unit, placing it beyond good and evil and recognizing no other duty than that of advancing its interests Nationalism is inseparable from the desire for power. The abiding purpose of every nationalist is t secure more power and more prestige, not for himself but for the nation or other UN in which he has chosen to sink his own individuality. Thus, we can see why a grade shift to looking at the Nation as a personal perception, as we have discussed earlier, comes necessary in resisting an institution that seeks to sink own individuality. What then, should follow a poets shift to personal perception in his or her resistance of Nationalism? A creation of an alternate space, an alternate communicative index, becomes necessary, because the poets prerogative is not to counter an institution with another, but to exploit the gaps in the institution itself, creating a voice that, above everything else, resists. Resistance itself becomes an important tool in asserting the individual identity against the restraints of an institution; Just as an institution is in the constant process of imposing and restraining, the act of successful resistance itself too should remain constantly dynamic and prevent becoming a stagnant counter-institution itself. We have looked at poetry in the times of war and conflict so far, but to understand this resistance more clearly, poetry written in times of apparent peace should be investigated. In times of war, the institution of Nationalism becomes more visible, and war poetry has the advantage of addressing it more directly than most other genres of writing. However, in times of normalcy, the institution is as subtle as it can be, and poetry of resistance needs to be the most penetrative, the most acutely sensitive, to address and critique this system. One such practitioner of the poetry of resistance we will turn to here is Unbar Apothecary (1948-2014), the Bengali writer who remained, for the greater part of his life, committed to revolutionary and radical aesthetics. In resisting the machinery of the nation-state, Unbars literature remains one of the touchstones, both in its radical, often subversive content and its unorthodox style, among practitioners of Bengali literature. In his most famous poem Ii Impurity Pothook Mare Dash Ana, he articulates his idea of the nation as personal perception, This valley of death is not my nation/ This hangmans arena is not my nation/ This expansive cemetery is not my nation/ This bloodstained butchers yard is not my nation/ I will take back my nation again will not make peace with the alcohol poured over the back whipped bloody in the torture chamber/ I will not make peace with the electric shocks to the nude body, the ugly sexual torture/ I will not make peace with being lynched to death, the gun firing into the skull at point blank range/ Poetry overcomes all/ Poetry is armed, poetry is free, poetry is fearless/ Look at us, Makeovers, Hickman, Neared, Argon, Inward/ We have not let your poetry go to waste/ Rather, the whole Nation is now trying to form itself into an Epic/ Where all the rhymes will be composed in the rhythm of the guerilla warriors. Such is the personal imagination of the Nation for a poet who, when asked about his most prominent ideological belief, said, l am no longer anthropocentric in my belief system. It is Unbars break from thinking of the self as a structural and functional nit of an anthropocentric system that allows him the space to look at personal perception as unrestrained, uncorroborated and truly individual. It is not Just violence Unbar is critiquing in this poem, but the very act of defining the Nation (and consequently, Nationalism) on instruments and events tainted by this violence. Poetry, here, defines the self for Unbar. He looks at himself, above everything else, as a practitioner of poetry; This is the correct time for poetry/ Pamphlets, graffiti, stencils/ I could use my blood, my bones, my tears to create a collage/ Of poetry right owe/ At the shattered face of the sharpest pain/ In the face of terrorism, looking calmly into the headlights of the Van/ I could throw poetry into their faces right now/ Whatever the murderer possesses, the memories of 38 or anything else/ I could deny Individuality. What then, shoal her resistance to Nationalism? Communicative Index. Become: counter an institution with NC creating a voice that, above ewe important tool in asserting the Institution: just as an Institutes restraining, the act of successful dynamic and prevent becoming at poetry in the times of war a mare clearly, poetry relent in times to ovary. He institution of the advantage of addressing it However, in times of ;normalcy resistance needs to be the MO and critique this system. One turn to here is Unbar Bath for the greater part of his life, resisting ere machinery of the touchstones, both in its radical among practitioners of Bengali pothook Mare Dash Ana. He perception, This valley of dead nation, This expansive cemetery not my nation/ will take back poured over the back whipped With the electric shocks to the peace With being lynched to De Poetry overcomes all/ Poetry is Makeovers, Hickman, Neared, Rather, the whole Notion is no homes Hill be composed In the personal imagination of the In prominent Ideological belief. . System. It is Unbars break unit of an anthropocentric cyst perception as unrestrained, our Unbar is critiquing In this p consequently, Nationalism) on Poetry, here, defines the self FCC as a practitioner of poetry; The stencils/ I could use my blood, now/ At the shattered face of t calmly into the headlights of t? Whatever the murderer posse and write poetry right now. If his self, whose blood, b inseparable from the act of writing poet ry in his magi perception of the Nation for himself, that perception by poetry too. In other words, Unbars poetry is not Nation as such, but is trying to bring his personal peer same sphere as his perception of himself; both as Poe and tears form a collage of poetry, the Nation too, is t Epic; a union of the Nation and the self through the c as poetry, within the poets imagination, is achieved. T radical and revolutionary ideas, because we find else expression of the poetic self becoming the revolution potentially destructive power of creative imagination; the smell of blood/ Let poetry go up in flames like gun torches of poetry/ Let the Molotov cocktails of poetry/ poetry/ Crash into the desire of this fire! The idea of appears again in the poetry of the Bangladesh poet S especially in the well-known Buck Tara Bangladesh his idea of Nation as individual perception, he maps h the body of a young boy; the ultimate effect is not one Nation, but a reduction of the Nation to something that individual understanding; And he walks out naked in torso/ The sun scribbles unique slogans/ He walks at t and suddenly/ The hundreds of guns that patrol the s bullets not Nor Husseins breast, but the breast of Ban cries out like a deer trapped in a burning forest/ And t out of her body. The poetry of Normalized Gun (1945 lacing the identity of the Nation within individual co specific, in Swap, Nab-Bouzouki Sheikh, the dread a personal dream, an individual aspiration; When I gar petals of a sunflower, one at a time/ Shall blossom wit trapped inside the heart of my poetry/ And the grapes today/ Will become wine and intoxicate the Bangle of t then? (To digress momentarily, Guns use of the word nation is a cle ver, subtle pun, as Bangle also signifies mischievously echoing the Wine that intoxicates. These common in Guns poetry, and often provide much nee conclude this section, I shall mention Buddha Bas specifically his poem, Misjudged Kibitz. The quests here develops into one of active, constructive engage in understanding what Nationalism signifies to each o belief, but as a personal perception, And I know we w history is what chains us/ Oh, how else could we be FRR effortless union? / Union of the human with the human world/ And you are the proof of that union, you are the how the critique of Nationalism through poetry has SSH 20th century and beyond, not Just chronologically but perhaps also depending on the specific socio-cultural contexts. Resistance itself becomes an important feature of this system of critique; from the resistance of Nationalism as a partisan system that remotes what Jacques Lagan would call the overriding attitude of unmediated opposition, to the resistance of Nationalism as an institution itself in favor of personal perception, to the resistance of any kind of institution whatsoever in favor of locating the Nation within the poetic self. Of course, this is not a singular chain of events, nor does the process take place in a linear, consistent manner. But having looked at the different pieces of poetry chosen for this discussion, it would seem that the critique and resistance of Nationalism are inseparable from each other; a eroticism of the institution of Nationalism would invariably present itself as a process of resistance, because the very machinery of Nationalism dehumidifies and compartmentalizes, going against the basic nature of individual spirit, that tends to locate itself in the physical world. Poetry, always one of the most powerful instruments communicating the spirit of the personal, confronts this restraining nature of Nationalism and critiques it through a chain of resistance, ultimately culminating in the personal itself; to understand Nationalism is to resist Nationalism, s the only way possible for the concept of Nation to be compatible to the liberated human spirit is for the Nation to be located within the self.

Innovation and Business Development Technological Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Innovation and Business Developmentfor Technological Innovation. Answer: Introduction The business model is a clear as well as concise way of picturing how a business actually operates. It is the management team that is responsible for describing the trade representation in a few sentences (Zott Amit, 2010). Enterprise works hard towards providing value to their targeted customers. Therefore, Business Model is a way where the company can translate value proposition into the potential for rapid revenue growth as well as profitability at the same time. Business model is defined as a system that aims at solving the difficulty after identifying the real issue that is faced by business organization. With the emergence of technology, it is clear that there is a requirement for business model that companies should use for providing value for their customers and users who pay for the services (Souto, 2015). Business model is collected of two vital essentials such as business scheme and profit model that are used for solving various problems faced by any business organization. Profit model actually gains the higher profile but the business system can be termed as real attribute for firm business model (Ostendorf, Mouzas Chakrabarti, 2014). Business model act as systems of work that precisely produces as well as delivers products or services in a business firm It is the locus where a business organization can actually study regarding the operations as well as behaviors of its suppliers as well as clientele (Kindstrm Kowalkowski, 2014). Addition to that, knowledge can build up after representing a significant spirited benefit where one risks has been exhausted and others can be unwisely unbundled. Profit Model, on the other hand aims at earning revenue for temporary where the commerce systems gains information for longer term. Therefore, a victorious business model actually aims to gain profit for both of the above-mentioned outcomes (Bagautdinova et al., 2014). Addition to that, business model as a scheme solves the trouble after identifying who are the customers that gets with the needs, deliver approval as well as value monetization Business model is basically lined with the technological innovation but they are constructed separately from technology. This model helps in understanding the working of firms partner that contains cause and effect relationships in a foundation for categorization. This can be understood when business model mediate the link between technology as well as firm performance (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). In this way, it is easy to gain insights of information on the working of firms partner. The other way is the development of right technology that actually helps in decision-making process on matters relating to openness and user engagement. It is explored that there is emerging view of constructed business model that actually examines proper understanding of an issue and enhances the relationship between business model modernism as well as technological innovation. In other words, business model innovation had even taken place without technology development when Japanese pioneered the Just-in-Time Production organization (Chesbrough, 2013).. There had been regular interaction between business models as well as innovation. From the article on Killing two birds with one stone, it talks about profit for now and learning for the future. As rightly put forward by Nishino (2010), it is argued that business model collected of two essentials that is system of works and profit model. For instance, Google has specific features used in their profit model where user of its services never pays single rupee to the provider firm. They actually offer the chance for Google in capitalizing their attendance on the search engine site by advertising the site space to the advertisers who are the main basis of revenues in a firm. This article speaks about both Google and Toyota industry systems functions for satisfying the needs better than their closest competitors (Itami Nishino, 2010). On the contrary, this article brings out the fact that business system is a learning system as it involves learning about the work. From the article on Boundaries Innovation and Knowledge Integration in the Japanese firm, it explains new business model as well as Japanese Leadership style that actually create a self-governing information incorporation model. According to Kodama (2009), key education that Asian firms have come to study from the Japanese counterparts based on the center concept of Japanese administration. The article elucidates in detail case study analysis of Japan customer electronics, semiconductor, and mobile phone services as well as communications device for clarifying the beginning of competence of exceptional Japanese firms. It means considering the information incorporation Organization where the novel business model differs from that of Western organization. The two elements that are needed in an organization is skillful coordination as well as collaboration that aims at technological as well as marketing innovation. These Japanese firms renew the accumulated path-dependent facts when the re is vigorously integrated varied information in the interior as well as exterior of the organization (Kodama, 2009). From the article on Business Model Design: An Activity System Perspective, it is understood that business representation is a system that transcend the central firm as well as span its boundaries as a whole. As rightly out forward by Zott and Amit (2010), activity system actually helps firms for creating value as well as sharing the values with their partners. The research is conducted on two set of parameters where activity system designers considers following design elements such as content, structure as well as governance. This listed elements help in describing the structural design of an action scheme where the plan themes include lock-in, complementarities as well as competence that describes the sources of action used for value formation in the most appropriate way. It is the business model plan that is a key choice made by new firm industrialist and difficult tasks for the managers who charges rethinking an old model for making their firm fit for the near future (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). The article on Business model design was really helpful in understanding the business model as a scheme of mutually dependent behavior. It is of vital importance to the entrepreneurs as well as general managers who devotes little attention to the business activities. They have to construct theoretical toolkit that will help commercial managers for designing their prospect business model. This will even help managers for analyzing as well as improving in the current designs after making them fit for the near future (Zott Amit, 2010). This article suggest concepts that give managers as well as researcher a language that act as a concrete tools where business model design through fostering dialogue as well as promoting common understanding. The concepts mainly highlight the business model design that is a key task used by capitalist manages. Therefore, this article explains the significance of system-level plan that is compared to incomplete optimization in an effective way. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that business model presents issues faced by any organization in precise way. The above analysis presents how business model help in decision-making process. It is known that technological innovation greatly influences the level of performance. In order to improve understanding, it is necessary to conduct more precise approval of how modernism links with the presentation by use of business model and how changes influences the technical modernism in a given way. Reference List Baden-Fuller, C., Haefliger, S. (2013). Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), 419-426. Bagautdinova, N.G., Galieva, G.T., Pakhmutov, Y.O. Pratchenko, O.V., (2014). Methods of regulation of processes of innovation business development.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(12), p.75. Boons, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-19. Chesbrough, H., (2013).Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press. Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing two birds with one stone: profit for now and learning for the future.Long Range Planning,43(2), 364-369. Kindstrm, D., Kowalkowski, C. (2014). Service innovation in product-centric firms: A multidimensional business model perspective.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,29(2), 96-111. Kodama, M. (2009). Boundaries innovation and knowledge integration in the Japanese firm.Long Range Planning,42(4), 463-494. Ostendorf, J., Mouzas, S., Chakrabarti, R. (2014). Innovation in business networks: The role of leveraging resources.Industrial Marketing Management,43(3), 504-511. Souto, J. E. (2015). Business model innovation and business concept innovation as the context of incremental innovation and radical innovation.Tourism Management,51, 142-155. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010). Business model design: an activity system perspective.Long range planning,43(2), 216-226.

Look Me in the Eye My Life with Asperger’s Essay Sample free essay sample

Look Me in the Eye: My Life with Asperger’sis a traveling autobiography of John Elder Robison. A narrative of endurance. it recounts how he was able to get the better of the odds of turning up with dysfunctional parents and unwittingly populating with Asperger’s Syndrome. He portions spots and pieces of a troubled childhood. remembering how he befriended a miss by petting her with a stick. It turned out to be the first in a series of rejections he was to see manner into his grownup life. at some point doing him turn inward. With every narrative. Robison cites his defects and the lessons he gleaned the difficult and painful manner. from an Aspergian’s point of position. He acknowledges his deficiency of empathy. his inability to do clear distinction between a immature individual and a moderate-sized Canis familiaris. and his repeating trouble to efficaciously pass on with other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Look Me in the Eye: My Life with Asperger’s Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page whether through oculus contact. existent conversation. or merely picking up societal cues. Nonetheless. all these did non halt him from detecting his endowment for electronics. He flitted in and out of sets. joined the corporate universe of video game technology. rose up the ranks. but quit his occupation and became a auto trader and refinisher. Robison’s developmental hold. as he had to happen out at the mature age of 40. was due to Asperger’s Syndrome. In the book. he invariably explains the inclinations and idiosyncracies of autistic people. and narrates how his status. while estranging him from friends. familiarities. co-workers and higher-ups at work. besides motivated him to endeavor difficult. explore and finally emerge exultant both in his calling and his ain household. Aside from John Elder Robison. the primary characters in his book.Look Me in the Eye: My Life with Asperger’s. include his parents. John and Margaret Robison ( who became a professor and poet. severally ) ; his brother Christopher ( who became Augusten Burroughs. a notable writer ) ; the childs and instructors at Philadelphia’s Mulberry Tree Nursery School ; vicinity familiarities ; Dr. Finch ; set members ; friends that include Jim Boughton and TR Rosenberg. John Elder Robison’s parents presumptively had the most impact on his life. While they were depicted to hold shown parental attention and responsibility. their downward spiral into depression ( for his male parent ) and lunacy ( for his female parent ) took its toll non merely on their ain wellness but besides on the proper upbringing of their childs. which in bend impeded the latter’s smooth and easy passage into mainstream society. Although John Elder recalls sing the household healer. Dr. Finch. wi th his household during his teenage old ages ( Robison. 2007. p. 55 ) . they finally backed out when Dr. Finch’s â€Å"increasingly eccentric behavior† ( Robison. 2007. p. 86 ) surfaced. As his mother’s mental status deteriorated. John Elder and his brother were forced to cover with the world that their parents were of a different cast. In a manner. it drove him and his brother to larn to fend for themselves at a immature age. The matrimonial prostration of his parents. which he saw coming. terrified and pained John Elder Robison. He impotently saw his male parent bend to alcohol and transform into a indurate adult male. while his female parent became a confused individual who would masticate on coffin nail butts and horrifyingly show her paranoia to the extent of stating his boy that devils were watching her. John Elder Robinson’s affliction with Asperger’s Syndrome frustrated non merely himself but besides those he wanted to befriend. every bit good as his parents and wise mans. He was misjudged and made to experience like he had a major defect. The ill will. in some manner. made him turn to puttering with machines. music and authoritative autos. which suited him good. Probably because of the book’s lighthearted tone. the impact of John Elder Robison’s status as an Aspergian on other pe ople’s lives did non look to be every bit grave as the reverberations that usually torment most other households with an autistic member. While being an Aspergian did badly compromise his societal and communicative interactions. the restrictions created by his upset did non. after all. hinder him every bit far as doing the most of himself and prosecuting his involvements were concerned. There were household issues that his immediate household members had to postulate with because of John Elder Robison’s upset. Fault-finding. concern and concern from his parents that he was non subscribing to behavioural conventions created strain on household dealingss. John Elder’s Aspergian head dictated that things be done in a certain extremely logical mode. As a child. when he got physical with one of his friends for what he perceived as disorderly drama wonts. it caught the anger of his parents. who failed to grok that the anti-social inclinations were stemming from an undiagnosed upset. As a effect of this upset. John Elder was regarded as a flawed single by those around him. and he was left with no pick but to stop formal schooling. It is a corroborated fact that many people with Autism or the less stigmatized Asperger’s Disease do non readily obtain entree to allow medical attention. particularly since few physicians have the specialized cognition to singlemindedly go to to victims of such conditions. Fortunately for John Elder Robison. he proved that he can happen his topographic point and map in the normal universe. even if his medical issues were non attended to early in his life. Not all Aspergian persons. though. may turn out every bit positively as John Elder did. given late. small. or no medical intercession. Furthermore. the medical community’s involuntariness to turn to a signifier of Autistic upset that does non suit snugly into the box of a more accepted medical forte puts many stricken childs in a agonizing state of affairs. their households torn apart or fumbling for medical replies. John Elder Robison himself expressed misgiving for the medical profession as shown by his hesitating stance when he described his family’s interaction with Dr Finch: â€Å"Sometimes it seems like he calmed things down. and other times it seems like he fired my parents up† ( Robison. 2007. p. 86 ) . He gives recognition to the bizarre healer. though. for being instrumental in controling the physical assault inflicted on him by his male parent. On the other manus. a therapist-friend in the individual of TR Rosenberg served like visible radiation at the terminal of a tunnel for John Elder Robinson. TR Rosenberg confirmed what many other autistic and Aspergian Syndrome sick persons and their concerned households genuinely want to hear: that Autism. or Aspergian Disease. can be treated. TR Rosenberg’s attack of jumping on John Elder Robison the truth about his status by demoing him a book may hold been galvanizing. but overall. his insightful diagnosing mirrors the immense positive impact a medical practician may hold on a patient. Robison clearly expressed gratitude for it. TR Rosenberg’s words to John Elder Robison. in refering to the Aspergian Syndrome. that â€Å"It’s non a disease†¦ It’s merely how you are† ( Robison. 2007. p. 236 ) mean the reassurance. alleviation and hope that most Aspergians and autistic people are in great demand of from medical practicians chew overing over su ch conditions. There are parts in the book when some readers will feel the apathy from the medical community. like in the chapter called â€Å"The Nightmare Years† where he cited the household healer Dr. Finch’s quaint behaviour. There is besides a part in the book when he coolly recalled. â€Å"For 10 old ages I had listened to my foremans that I could non pass on or work with other people† ( Robison. 2007. p. 214 ) . I feel that in such cases. the medical community failed the patient and his household. Existing in a society bereft of edifying medical literature or some other enlightening agencies that may cast visible radiation on a small understood upset. Aspergians – as with most other persons with developmental upsets – normally receive more than their just portion of obstructions to cope with. On the whole.Look Me in the Eye: My Life with Asperger’sis a good read worth urging to others. because it illustrates how. even with a potentially tormenting st atus and confusing deficiency of changeless parental nurturing. a individual can predominate. Mention Robison. J. ( 2007 ) .Look me in the oculus: my life with Asperger’s. New York: Crown Publishers.

Revenue recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP, IFRS and IASB The WritePass Journal

Revenue recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP, IFRS and IASB Introduction Revenue recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP, IFRS and IASB IntroductionMain bodyConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction In an industry there are some accounting and financial standards that company must follow to be legal to corporate. Therefore, accountants should follow some rules and guidelines, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S. GAAP, which adopted by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB). The  IASB is an independent, privately-funded accounting standard-setter based in  London. It was founded on 2001 as the successor to the  International Accounting Standards Committee  (IASC). The  Financial Accounting Standards Board  (FASB) is a private,  not-profit organization and it was created in 1973. One of the general accepted accounting principles is the revenue recognition, which is an important principle in accrual accounting. It determines the specific conditions  under which income becomes realized as revenue. Under IAS 18  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Revenue, is defined as â€Å"the gross inflow of economic benefits during the period arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity when those inflows result in increases in equity other than increases relating to contributions from equity participants.† Generally, revenues are recognized when the amount of revenue is measured reliably, when it is probable that the economic benefits of the transaction will flow to the entity and when the costs (both incurred to date and expected future costs) are identified. (Jamil Khatri, Akeel Master 2009). Many problems involved in revenue recognition about the usefulness of the existing standards. So, in June 2002 the IASB and the FASB started a project to develop coherent conceptual guidance for revenue recognition and to eliminate inconsistencies on the subject in their conceptual frameworks. Following we are going to analyze the main problems that occurred, the views taken by the two boards and a reasoned critique of their thinking. Main body Revenue recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP differ from those in IFRS. Accordingly IASB and FASB the main objectives of the project are to provide a single revenue recognition model that could apply consistently across various industries and transactions, to develop a model on changes in specific assets and liabilities that would eliminate inconsistencies in existing concepts and standards and to converge IFRS and U.S. GAAP requirements. ( Barry J.Epstein   Eva K.Jermakowicz   , 2010) However, some problems occurred from revenue recognition standards, which reduce the comparability of revenue across entities. In U.S. GAAP there are numerous standards that define an earnings process inconsistently. The application of the earnings process provide more than 100 standards on revenue and gain recognition which some of them are industries specific and can produce conflicting results for economically similar transactions. This has a result, people disagree how it applies to particular situations. Despite the numerous standards, there are also gaps in guidance which creates conflictions with asset and liability definitions. Sometimes earnings process leads to a misrepresentation of an entity’s contractual rights and obligations in financial statements. Thus, if they focus on changes in assets and liabilities the earnings process could be improved. (Putra 2010) IFRS contain fewer requirements than U.S. GAAP, but also those standards need improvement. The revenue recognition standards provide inconsistencies between assets – liability approach. Under the asset – liability approach, revenue recognized by direct reference to changes in assets and liabilities that occur from an entity’s contract with a customer, rather than by direct reference to critical events. ( Barry J.Epstein   Eva K.Jermakowicz ,2010)   Another deficiency in IFRS relates to the lack of guidance for transactions involving multiple-element arrangement. IAS 18 does not state clearly when or how an entity should separate a single transaction into components and how to measure the elements in a multiple-element arrangement. Therefore, entities apply different measurements for similar transactions, which reduce the comparability of revenue across entities. Also, some problems occur and from the distinguishing between goods and services. If there was a c lear principle to ever-changing and increasingly complex transactions then gaps in guidance would not be a problem. (Putra 2010) However, the Boards have reached some preliminary views in developing a revenue recognition model.   Following I will summarize those views. Firstly, the proposed model would apply to contracts with customers. Revenue should be recognized on the basis of increases in an entity’s net position in a contract with a customer. When an entity enters into a contract with customer, the company gets rights to payment from the customer and assumes obligations to provide good and services to the customer. When an entity satisfies a performance obligation in the contract then company should recognize revenue. Performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a good or service to that customer. If an entity promise to provide a good, then it is a promising to transfer an asset to the customer. Moreover, if the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer at different times then entity accounts of performance obligations will separate. The aim to separate performance obligations is to ensure that the revenue of the entity is representing the pattern of the transfer of assets to the customer, over the life over the contract. An entity satisfies a performance obligation when the promised good has transferred to customer. We know that an entity has transferred that promised asset when the customer obtains control of it. Consequently, activities that an entity undertakes in fulfilling a contract result in revenue recognition only if they simultaneous ly transfer assets to the customer. The boards have not yet expressed a preliminary view on how an entity would measure the rights.   However, the rights will measure based on the amount of the transaction price (the promised consideration). As the boards propose, performance obligations should be measured at the transaction price.     If a contract comprises more than one performance obligation, an entity would allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in proportion to the stand-alone selling prices of the goods and services underlying those performance obligations. As each obligation is satisfied, the amount of revenue recognized is the amount of the transaction price that was allocated to the satisfied performance obligation at contract inception. Finally, the boards propose that after contract inception, a company should remeasure a performance obligation when it is deemed ‘onerous’. A performance obligation is estimated ‘onerous’ when an entity’s expected cost of satisfying the performance obligation exceeds the amount of that performance obligation. In that case, the performance obligation is remeasured to the entity’s expected cost of satisfying the performance obligation and the entity would recognize a contract loss. As we can see, the proposal model on how and when revenue is recognized under both IFRS and US GAAP are likely to discuss from the entities. The objective of the project to develop a single revenue recognition model that would apply to a wide range of industries to improve the financial reporting revenue was very helpful for all the industries. It helps remove inconsistencies and weakness in existing revenue recognition standards and provide a stronger framework for revenue recognition issues. On the other hand, for many entities the implementation of the proposed model will be relatively ineffectual and for others, the process could be effectual. Specific, construction industries have concerns regarding how the indicators of control should be applied to long-term contracts. Also telecommunications and technology sector, express concerns about the requirement to determine a stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation. Therefore, both Boards should focus on fixing the pr oblems in the existing standards, and to make a better model which will work well in practice. It’s obviously that many problems arise in determining when revenue is earned. Let’s consider Apple, one of the biggest tech. industries in our days as a live example. Apple has the issue that â€Å"how FASB might rework the rules related to recognizing revenue for software thats bundled into a product and never sold separately†. This is very important for Apple because it affects the revenue related to two of the companys most successful products, the iPod and the iPhone. If the rules are recast the company could be able to book revenue faster, yielding less time between product launches and associated revenue gains. Also it would drive up Apples earnings and possibly stock price. (Marie Leone, 2009) Conclusion Having a clear enough view of the problems involved in revenue recognition and the views taken by the two boards, I’ve tried to paint a picture of the proposed revenue recognition model by the two Boards. The proposed model would not be easy and it would be difficult to apply in all entities. However, Boards are trying to develop a model without any inconsistencies and based on changes in specific assets and liabilities. It will take many hours of meetings and discussions between the two Boards before complete any issues about the proposed project. References [1] Barry J.Epstein , Eva K.Jermakowicz (2010) Interpretation and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards, 1st Edition, Canada, New Jersey : Willey [2] ERNST YOUNG (2010) US GAAP vs. IFRS: the basics Revenue Recognition, ey.com/US/en/Services/Assurance/Accounting-and-Financial-Reporting/US-GAAP-vsIFRSthe-basicsMarch-2010Revenue-recognition [Accessed 11/03/2010] [3] International Accounting Standard Board (19/6/2009) Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customers iasb.org/NR/rdonlyres/0E3D5E00-B961-42F0-BA64-AB1D20BB9FE9/0/DP_PreliminaryViewsRevenueRecognition1208.pdf [Accessed 16/03/2010] [4] International Accounting Standard Board (06/2010) Revenue from Contracts with Customers iasb.org/NR/rdonlyres/74E37A73-0A4D-447F-A8DF-3574002B7406/0/SnapshotRevCon.pdf [Accessed 17/03/2010] [5] Jamil Khatri Akeel Master (2009) IFRS Revenue Recognition, KPMG https://www.in.kpmg.com/Securedata/ifRS_Institute/Files/Revenue%20recognition.pdf [Accessed 11/03/2010] [6] Marie Leone, (2009) â€Å"New Revenue-Recognition Rules: The Apple of Apples Eye?†, CFO [7] Putra (2010) â€Å"Problem with Current Revenue Recognition. Change? How? (24/1/2010) http://accounting-financial-tax.com/2010/01/problem-with-current-revenue-recognition-change-how/ [Accessed 13/03/2010]

Charles Chaplin's City Lights Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Charles Chaplin's City Lights - Movie Review Example The present research has identified that â€Å"City Lights† can be categorized as a â€Å"romantic comedy† since Charlie Chaplin’s humor is similar to that of Ben Stiller who more often than not uses physical happenings make his audience burst out in laughter. Even though it is has been categorized in the silent movies, the film City Lights was not entirely a silent movie. Though there is no dialogue, there are sound effects throughout the movie, which includes music, and symbolic sound effects. The starring Charlie Chaplin uses sound to set the environment and comedic moments, rather than using his voice to narrate the story, A perfect example of this technique is depicted immediately after the opening credits when the town mayor is about to preside over the unveiling of a statue and is making his speech, but instead of the viewer hearing the speech, he or she gets what it can be referred to as â€Å"Charlie Brown talk.† The starring puts a word narrative on the screen to make the audience know the purpose of the speech. The script is well written and directed that nothing is lost with the absence of dialogue since the audience understands from the beginning, what goes on in scenes and thus get the comic effects being expressed. Any audience watching this movie for the first time quickly relates to the main characters. This indeed explains the perfectness with which the movie was written and directed since the intended purpose is achieved at the end of the viewing. Charlie Chaplin played a tramp, today the best definition that can suite a tramp is a homeless person. During the Great Depression in the USA, almost a quarter of American works were jobless and many of them struggled to make through the daily life. In regard to this depression, Chaplin is in the same situation and thereby depicts the life which these destitute go through. The film City Lights contain the melodrama, the grace, the effortless physical coordination, the baw diness, the pathos and most important of all the slapstick.

Goya Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Goya Foods - Essay Example These factor would influence the marketing objectives of the business it overall performance. Businesses that are unable to factor viable products in the market usually fail. Management is a critical factor that influences the success of the business. The company CEO is a figure that influence, growth and success of the business. Policies adopted a business would influence it behavior in a competitive market. In designing business policies and marketing objectives, the management evaluates all possible factors that dictate business performance in different environment. This paper intends to evaluate the performance of Goya Food. Company overview Goya Food Company distributes and manufactures a wide range of food products. Goya Food Company has its headquarters in New Jersey. The Company command large market share, which springs to Latin America among other destinations. The products of company borrows a lot from the traditions of various communities it serves especially the Hispanic foods (Liberman 84). Most of foods products of Goya Food Company constitute the traditional taste of Hispanic foods. The company marketing strategy adopted the trend of producing and distributing Hispanic foods because of the customer culture that influence market stability. It is also important to note that Goya Food Company relies on the market information in developing viable products that respond to changes in market demands. The company began its operation in 1936. Goya Food Company import food products Spain in order to manufacture products, which would meet the needs of the Hispanic people whom it serves. Goya Food Company is one of the largest family owned companies in the United States. The company CEO is Bob Unanue who has a duty of steering the company to higher heights. Goya Food Company is among the few family companies that have sufficed all odds to remain viable in the market. Leadership of Goya Food Company Management is a vital element in company business. Managemen t of the company is a pillar that has kept the company in market for more than seventy years. The leadership style applied by Goya Food Company has been a critical factor that has steered the company to the current level it has reached. Since the company is family owned, board of directors of the company are family members. This is quite appealing because the members have been able to make difficult management decisions, which has influenced the progress of the company. For instance, the former company CEO Joseph made many decision of the company without involving the board members a fact that led to his ousting. Agreement among the members of the body during annual meetings of the company influences the management operation of the company. Largely, the decision of the board influence top management of the company. It is also important to note that, family members of the company founder form the shareholders of the company. This is in accordance to private company establishment act. Success of the company lies on the strategic leadership approaches adopted by the company. Research reveals that the company management body solves its disagreement through conversation. The CEO of the company alludes that court is the last option that the company would seek for intricate issues that affects its management (Goya). The leadership of Bob Unanue has ensured that the company develops new products and expands its market share. It is unique for family companies to develop several distribution outlets and products without facing challenges that threaten the growth of the company. Bob has been able to coordinate and make strategic decisions, which influence the overall performance of the

Understand below-the-line techniques and how they are used Assignment

Understand below-the-line techniques and how they are used - Assignment Example The shift towards integrated promotional strategy is one of the most significant developments in the field of marketing. It helps in building brand identity and equity which is a priority when it comes to branding. The use of different communication mediums will only be successful if there is clarity in the message and all consumers are able to perceive it in the same manner. Marketing communication can be divided into two ways: Above the line communication is conventional in nature and is quite impersonal. It includes mediums such as television, radio, web banners and print media (Vaňa & ÄÅ'ernà ¡, 2011). Below the line activities are unconventional promotional strategies which are focused towards brand building. It is most suitable when the target audience is large and difficult to approach. Below the line activities are informal and more creative than above the line activities. With markets being more fragmented, it has become highly important for markets to break clutter and attract the audience using unconventional ways such as: distribution of flyers, conducting mall activities, special events and give-aways. Below the line activities are targeted towards individual consumers and desires call-to-action. It aims to obtain individual responses from the consumers to understand their needs and preferences. In other words, these activities ensure that there is a one-to-one relationship between the bra nd and the product being marketed. Below the line activities are also measurable allowing the marketers to gauge the responses easily. Below the line channels help the marketers in tailoring their message in a more personal manner so as to develop a relationship with the consumers. Marketers can involve numerous below the line activities in their holistic marketing campaigns in order to get closer to the target audience. Whatever message they are

Knorr Soup Marketing Analysis

Knorr Soup Marketing Analysis Knorr product is sold in 87 countries their punch line is Good Food Matters only soup in India which has 18%growth.It holds a majority of market space {55%}.Maggi is one of the main brand of Nestle Knorr nearest competitors .It was first company to launch package soup in India in 1989.New punch line of maggi Taste Bhi Health Bhi after relaunching its brand. QNo.1 which segments are being targeted and strategies used to influence the target segment Target Segment:-Here we can devide the soup brand into two segment 1. Demographics 2. Psychographics Demographics:- Density Urban Same Age 30-35 8-15 Gender Female Male /female Lifecycle stage Married with children Kids early teens Minimum Income 25000 N/a Education Graduate Primary /secondary school Psychographic:- Social class Upper middle ,Low upper and upper- upper class same Life styles Believers, achievers Personality Ambitious , trendy Extrovert, Confident Marketing Strategy (both knorr and Maggi soup) Knorr Maggi soup Product strategy Good food is their main priority Responsible for good and healthy food Categorized soup in three user friendly names Relaunched with what the consumer want Producing tasty and healthy soup for consumers They are also mainly focus on taste and health. Pricing Strategy Knorr soup range between Rs 29 to 33 ,34gm to 65 gm. Maggi range between 29 and 30,40gm to 70gm pack Marginal price increase increase in past few years that effect customer base. Marginal price did not increase so much that help to increase brand loyality. Place strategy Available in almost in all supermarket and departmental stores Maggi soups are available mostly in supermarkets and very few stores No presence in the rural market Very -very less presence in the rural market Promotion strategy Effective advertisement of Knorr as compared to maggi. Less advertisement than Knorr soup Offering new India flavor according to customer demand Offering same flavor approximately three Does not believe in more discount offer Providing various offer and schemes. Recently they are offering maggi noodles with soup pack and 20%extra on some pack. Both are spending huge in promotional activities,both have different strategy to target the market but both have same target market.I compared both the brand because it helps us to give clear picture of both companies strategy. QNo.2 Different promotional tools used and the strategy behind using these tools Promotional tools and strategies:- Besides the proliferation of convenience-driven lifestyles and the array of variants, advertising and marketing too have played significant roles in enlarging the category. Extensive deployment of ATL( Above The Line ) and BTL(Below The Line) tools by manufacturers and marketers have certainly pushed awareness and demand for ready soup mixes. Nestle India, for instance, has been aggressively promoting its Maggi soups through high-frequency television spots, which have played a great role in not just communicating the benefits of the product to target consumers, but its Taste Bhi, HealthBhi tagline has also helped elevate the profile of the category other hand, are positioned as wellness meal solutions. HUL has been banking extensively in employing various mass media to promote its Knorr range of soups. It was due to the creative and intelligent positioning of the brand in mass media that Knorr developed into the leader of the category in India. Its aggressive marketing strategies, strong distribution system and the wide range of flavors make knorr the market leader in this category. Hindustan Unilever further benefited from a realignment of its flavors of Knorr soups under the Snacky, Oriental and Classic ranges, to make it easier for consumers to make buying decisions, as they were now less confused about the different flavors. The company has focused on distribution channels to popularize its new range by ensuring that its up market international flavors in the Oriental and Snaky ranges gain greater visibility in modern outlets, while its Classic range is more visible at kirana stores and in smaller towns and cities. In terms of media promotions, both Knorr and Nestle have been focusing on conveying the taste and health aspects of their soups for the entire family. In 2008, Hindustan Unilever introduced a new advertising campaign, which turned the conventional middle class Indian household image on its head .The campaign for Knorr featured Aman( Actor) making Knorr soup for dinner for the entire family, but mainly to lift the spirits of his wife. With this advertisement, the company not just pitched Knorr as a feel good food, but also promoted its user friendliness. Capital Foods has also been very active and persuasive in promoting its brand. The advertising strategy Nestle and Maggi both promoting health with taste. All the nutritional information and health aspects are mentioned on the packs but they are promoting the range purely to offer something that will gratify the demand for soup. At the retail end, employing strategic merchandising strategies and in store promotions to endorse the product features are also essential. So what is happening in the store? Well, merchandising at the retail end is certainly important as the category is still not the part of shopping list of Indian housewives. Smart merchandising at the retail end can also generate interest and impulse purchase. The soup category is still evolving, it is important to drive penetration and induce trials. Merchandising is the key to drive this category. You would see lots of cross promotions, bundled offers and other kind of promotions in soups. Product features / USPs can be communicated through in store communication. Companies also use especially designed outer cartons as a communication medium; this serves the dual purpose of visual merchandising and stocking on shelf. Q.3.Which strategy out of Pull or Push is used and why? Push Strategy:-A push promotional strategy makes use of a companys sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. Pull Strategy:-A pull selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers So this is clear from the definition this is pull strategy because both Nestle and HUL are spending heavily on promotion activities. Due to that activities consumer demand product from retailers of own choice. QNo.4 Critically Appraise the Promotional strategy of your selected brand. I compared Knorr and Maggie soup both are using aggressive marketing strategy to promote the product . .But if we have to chose one product than Knorr has better promotion and place strategy. But maggi has fewer prices and healthier but need to focus on more promotion. Recently knorr took Kajol as a brand ambassador but Maggie is focusing on small artist. Both companies are not focusing rural area. So they have to focus on rural area because rural area has large potential market. For they can introduce new flavor and new pack with less price. In India there is large potential market for soup so they have to focus on enhancing that maket.Knorr soup has more prices as compared to Maggie soup if they want to increase the market share and want to stand as a market leader they have to provide various promotional offers with knorr soup pack. Knorr brand is more serious about its soup than Maggi. It has connotation of functional brand and after coming into the levers fold, its visibility and presence has been noticed more by consumers. Soup has still a small market and for its consumption to become habit, companies need to invest heavily. Unlike the rest of categories where some amount of efforts may be required. They are targeting women and children for soup because women are caring about children health as well as family health. So they do purchasing most of the time.So it is necessary for that companies to target the segment carefully by giving their benefits about health.This is a very lucrative and conscious market.Women are emotionally attached with the family where as children always believe in masti and mazza while doing eating.They believe in eating those thing which prepare in less time and good in taste.Both the company doing very well for targeting those market with greater spending on promotional advertisement.

The Subtext of Violence in Henry James The Wings of theDove: The Sacri

The Subtext of Violence in Henry James' The Wings of theDove: The Sacrificial Crisis A reading of Henry James' 1902 novel The Wings of theDove is particularly fitting for this issue ofSchuylkill for several reasons. This late novel is rife withrepresentations of multiple, often overlapping subject positionsthat the close reader is forced to reckon with. These subjectpositions include, but are not limited to, James as authorand as a self-referring subject of the novel's "Preface,"who perceives and performs outside of the designation of "author."The reader must also consider James' unreliable narrator as asubject who functions as both detached observer and protagonist,and whose equivocal rendering of events includes labyrinthineaccounts of the contents of other character’s consciousness. Andfinally, we the reader, are rendered subject to our own ambivalentinterpretation of events. James complex representation of so manysubject positions has, not surprisingly, earned his late work thereputation of being "difficult." However the student of humansubject formation e njoys a uniquely Jamesian-inspired "jouissance"if he or she is persistent and enjoys a good slow read. In this paper I hope to show how James offers the reader aparticipatory glimpse into the complex mechanics of human subjectformation. I argue that The Wings of the Dove re-presentswhat anthropological literary critic Rene Girard terms the"sacrificial crisis," an act of violence that is endorsed andenacted by a community--a bloody ritual whose sole purpose is to"restore harmony to the community, to reinforce the socialfabric...and establish order"(8). According to Rene Girard in Violence and the Sacred,violence proliferates within a community when social distinctionsamong individuals or groups become confused or are contested. Morespecifically, when the established social hierarchy is challengedthrough rivalries, jealousies, quarrels and acts of dissent,community infighting escalates into reciprocal acts of vengeanceand retribution. Community violence is contained, says Girard, bya collectively sanctioned, climactic event--the blood sacrifice.The blood sacrifice is a unanimous yet limited act of violencevented upon that representative of the community who is deemedresponsible for the eruption of internal discord. In other words, a "scapegoat" is selected by the group. Thissacrificial subst... ...he processof finding a surrogate victim constitutes a major means... by whichmen expel from their consciousness the truth about their violentnature...(82-83). The "bad" violence inherent in Kate’s enterprise has notactually been eliminated--the potential for someone else to deviseand successfully execute a similarly ambiguous plan still existsafter we close the book (in fact such a plan is executed by MaggieVerver, the heroine of James last novel The Golden Bowl--thenovel which has been called "the novel to end all novels"). But inThe Wings of the Dove James contains and controls theviolence temporarily, thus taking the place of and serving the sameancient function as the primitive blood sacrifice. Works cited Allen, Elizabeth. A Woman's Place in the Novels ofHenry James. London: Macmillan Press, 1983. Brooks, Van Wyck. "Two Phases of Henry James." In TheQuestion of Henry James: A Collection of Essays. Ed. F.W.Dupee. New York: Holt, 1945. 120-27. Girard, Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. PatrickGregory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1972. James, Henry. The Wings of the Dove. Ed. J. DonaldCrowley and Richard A. Hocks. New York: W.W. Norton and Company,1978.

House of Payne

SM Family Television Review The comedy show that my family and I enjoy watching is House of Payne, which airs on TBS every Friday at 8pm. â€Å"The Paynes are three generations living under one roof. The story begins when CJ and his family move into the house of his aunt and uncle, a fact that no one is really happy about. CJ has two children, and his aunt and uncle have very different ideas about raising kids. I think a lot of people will be able to relate to the Paynes†. (http://www. tbs. com/stories/story/0,, 107846,00. html). The show is based off real life issues that everyday families experience such as, drug addiction, teen pregnancy, sex, marriage, morals and values, and most of all trust. As, a 23 year old, mother, student, wife, daughter etc, I was able to quickly relate to a few things in the show. This family did impact my life on what family really was because, I always have been the one to just think of my immediate (Mom, Dad, Brothers, Grandma) when I heard the word family. Now, that things have been introduced to me from different perspective, I am now able to fully understand what family is all about. I realize that when I have no one else to count on, that my family is the last hope I have, and also understand that sometimes I may have disagreements with relatives, but its ok because as long as there is communication, nothing is to hard to overcome, All of these things are key points that House of Payne focus on. After watching this show consistently, it has had a very positive impact on me, my family, my marriage and my ability to raise my children at such a young age. Although, these actors, and actresses are acting, they are real people and majority are related, such as the main characters, Cassi and Lavan Davis, who are husband and wife in real life. I enjoy watch the way the reveal each message because they all have a valuable lesson that I learn. This television series is a Christian based show, so I think that is the reason I enjoy watching it so much. It is interesting because some days, I may feel at my worst and watching this show can easily be a inspiration to me. Expressing my feelings and saying how I felt have, also been another issue I’ve had problems with, and it also have taught me this as well. I believe that even a non-believer would enjoy watching this show because again, it’s real people, and they to know what it’s like to face certain situations. I feel that I can somewhat relate to this show because again, I am a young mother, married with children, living day by day , focusing on doing the right thing, despite what I see and hear around me. And sometimes, whether you’re old or young, this can be a challenge. House of Payne have messages for all ages, and they are very powerful messages!

Cari Story Essay Example

Cari Story Essay Example Cari Story Essay Cari Story Essay How can an infection in Cari nasal transitions and pharyns spread into her fistulas? The infection in Cari’s nasal transitions and throat was able to distribute into her fistulas due to the fistulas being a drainage country for the rhinal transitions. What is the cough physiological reaction? Describe the procedure that Cari’s respiratory system is utilizing to unclutter her lungs by coughing. The cough physiological reaction is used to clear phlegm and thorns that are in the nasal transitions and throat. There are cilia in her windpipe that is traveling mucus up from the lungs. When the mucous secretion becomes or abundant it triggers the cough physiological reaction. Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and air sacs usually would protect Cari’s lungs from infective pathogens and particulate affair? Macrophages found in the terminal bronchioles and air sacs that usually would protect Cari’s lungs from infective pathogens and particulate affa ir. How would the opposition of Cari’s air passages be affected by extra mucous secretion and fluid in her lung? Excess mucous secretion and fluid in the lungs would raise the opposition of Cari’s air passages because of the little diameter the buildup would do. The fluid would hold some of air sacs under H2O where they could non work decently and at that place would besides be more clash from the buildup. How would Cari’s lung conformity ( the attempt required to spread out the lungs ) be altered as her air sac fill with fluid due to pneumonia? Lung conformity would increase from seeking to coerce gases into and out of the air sac. Those are filled with fluid due to the pneumonia. How would fluid in Cari’s lung affect her entire lung capacity? Fluid in Cari’s lungs would take down her entire lung capacity by non leting the infinite that is taken up by the fluid to be filled with air. How does the lift of Cari’s respiratory rate alter her minute airing? Elevation in her respiratory rate would change her minute airing by raising it. Minute airing is determined by times ing respiratory rate by entire volume. Normal blood O impregnation degrees are greater than 94 per centum ; Caris blood O impregnation degree was 90 per centum at the clip of her test and an initial arterial blood gas analysis done when she was admitted to the infirmary revealed her arterial Po2 was 54mmhg. How make these clinical determination relate to the internal respiration in cari organic structure?

The Basics of Back-Formation

The Basics of Back-Formation The Basics of Back-Formation The Basics of Back-Formation By Mark Nichol A back-formation is a new word produced by excising an affix, such as producing the verb secrete from the noun secretion. Many back-formations, like that one, acquire respectability, but others, especially more recent coinages, are considered nonstandard, so use them with caution. Back-formation can be seen as a form of clipping, though the distinction between one category and the other is that clipped forms (ad in place of advertisement, for example) are the same part of speech as the original form, whereas most back-formations are verbs formed from nouns. (Many back-formations are formed from words ending in -tion, such as automate and deconstruct.) Most back-formations eventually take their place among other standard terms, though they are often initially met with skepticism. For example, curate and donate, now accepted without question (and associated with the high pursuits of art and philanthropy, respectively), were once considered abominations. Newer back-formations that careful writers are wise to avoid include attrit, conversate, enthuse, incent, liaise, spectate, and surveil. These buzzwords are convenient hence their creation but they are widely considered inelegant, and in the case of at least a couple of them, concise synonyms are already available. (To spectate is to watch, and to surveil is to observe.) Sometimes, a back-formation is derived from a noun describing an action, as with attendee from attendance, or from a noun describing an actor, as with mentee from mentor. Many people consider such terms aberrant, and they are also ill advised in formal writing. Other back-formations derive from confusion about a base word. Cherry and pea both developed from the assumption that the original terms cherise and pease are plurals. More recently, biceps (and triceps) and kudos have been misunderstood as plurals, resulting in bicep, tricep, and kudo. Although cherry and pea were accepted without reservations into English long ago, bicep, tricep, and kudo are still considered nonstandard. Another class of back-formations are those shorn of their prefixes for humorous effect, such as gruntled from disgruntled and kempt from unkempt; rarely do such truncations enter the general lexicon. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†How to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsWords That Begin with Q

African History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African History paper - Essay Example This is to the effect that the Libyans and Carthaginians are some of the people who sent complimentary embassies to Alexander the Great in 325 BC, while he was in Babylon. The diplomatic relations were imposed upon the people of North Africa through instruments of coercion. Precisely, Alexander the Great had in 324 executed a ruthless punitive expedition in the hills of Luristan, against the Cossaeans. It is this incident that spread fear around North Africa and the rest of the Mediterranean region into capitulation (75). It is also important to note that during the Hellenistic period, after the demise of Alexander the Great, North African kingdoms such as Egypt and Libya became Hellenized, to the point of taking on the Greek culture and language. For this same reason, urban centers in North Africa became Greek-speaking, though the rural areas maintained native traditions. Specifically, in Egypt, Ptolemy I Soter created a strong Hellenistic state that stretched from Cyrene to Syria and South of Nubia. Economically, Alexandria, the then capital of Egypt served as the capital city and the center of Greek culture and commerce. To perpetuate themselves in Egypt, the Ptolemaic kings arrogated themselves the names of Pharaohs, married from elite families in Egypt and had themselves etched in Egyptian fabric and

Discussion- Ch12 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion- Ch12 - Coursework Example The growth stage involves a high rate of revenue increase owing to access to additional market and awareness by the customers. Marketing at the growth stage include development of new product features and packaging, increased advertising, and setting of high prices owing to high demand. Entry by competitors to the market reduces revenue growth towards the end of the growth stage. The maturity stage is reached when sales growth decreases but owing to high brand presence advertising is reduced. Product similarity is high reducing differentiation with the marketing mix done through sales promotions, price reductions, produce feature modifications, and innovative distribution channels aimed at extension of product lifecycle and maintenance of market share. Saturation of the market, technological obsolete products, and changes in customer tastes results in sales decline. The other features of the decline stage include increasing costs from reduced production volumes causing lack of profitability. Marketing at the decline stage includes reduction in product offerings, lowering of prices, little promotion expenditure, and selective distribution. After reading Liang’s discussion, I believe he articulates the concepts in product lifecycle well though he does not provide the marketing techniques for use at the introduction stage. The discussion does not state the marketing strategies in the growth and maturity stages but rather treats the two distinct stages together in terms of marketing. The decline stage marketing strategies are not well analysed. Overall the discussion is informative on the product life cycle but not clear on the different marketing strategies applied at various stages of the product

Postoperative pain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Postoperative pain management - Essay Example Management of pain following a surgery employs oral or rectal analgesics, intramuscular opioid injections, systemic opioid analgesia, continuous subcutaneous infusion of analgesics, and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).Management of pain following a surgical procedure is one of the major challenges and source of concern for health care providers (Berge et al, 2004). However, surveys have revealed that hospital postoperative pain management, such as opioid intramuscular injections are frequently inefficient, resulting in unrelieved pain in approximately 50% of patients (Steinberg et al, 2002). Various studies have shown that postoperative pain has significant influence on the recovery of the patient, length of stay in the hospital, mobility, cost of hospitalization and also postoperative morbidity like cognitive dysfunction and pulmonary complications (Pain Management Guideline Panel., 1992). According to Sommer et al (2008), moderate to severe pain occurs in more than 50 percent of patients who undergo abdominal surgery It is crucial to control postoperative pain and currently in every hospital in the western world, control of post operative pain is given utmost importance. An understanding of pain management in the postoperative period can be enhanced through reflection. Reflection is evaluation and examination of thoughts and actions of oneself. For health practitioners, reflection means focusing on the interaction of oneself with colleagues and environment in a particular situation so that they are able to evaluate their own behavior. â€Å"Reflection gives scope for better understanding of oneself so that existing strengths can be used to build-up for future actions "(Somerville and Keeling, 2004). In order to be an effective practitioner, one must be able to identify one's strengths in approaching a problem, assess one's level of competency and improve on what one thinks are the weaknesses so that when the same problems arise in the future, the right ap proach can be adapted. Reflection is also an opportunity for professional growth and development to increase competence in the nursing practice (Alexander, Fawcett and Runciman, 2006). Reflective practice is very essential for nursing clinical practice because it helps the nurse to understand, assess and learn through the experiences during clinical practice (Burns and Grove, 2005). In the following assignment, I shall discuss about management of a patient with postoperative pain based on Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle. This is because, Gibbs Reflective Cycle is a straight forward and recognized framework for reflection wherein it enables clear description of the situation of the patient, the analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion where other points are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if situation arose again. Case description Mr. X was a 67 years old male patient, who I looked af ter in a Surgical High Dependency Unit (SHDU). He was transferred from theatre following Whipples, where a total pancreatectomy was performed along with the removal of Gall Bladder and Duodenum.  Past medical history included hypertension and chemotherapy 2 years ago following the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. He was also underweight. The patient was transferred to SHDU in a stable condition. On the 1st day post op, the Epidural Analgesia’s catheter was dislodged by accident and according to the protocol (NHS 2009), it could not be used anymore. Although, the patient had prescribed oral pain reliefs as required, Mr. X showed discomfort and pain, once resting and moving in bed. Because of the risk of post operative complications including pressure sores and chest infection, the issue was highlighted to Pain Management Nurse, who prescribed Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA). The Pain Management Nurse provided short educational session for Mr. X, as he never used PCA before and appeared to be anxious about